there is KO; the blow with the lower limbs is accepted. Kyokushin relies on force shots to deal as much damage as possible. This means that the sportive needs the reaction speed, as well as the strength in both the lower and upper limbs.

The primary prevention of an injury in sport is a public health priority that will be of high importance in reducing the long-term consequences of musculoskeletal injuries, as is possible in the Kyokushin competitions Emery and Pasanen (2019).

Although the risk of suffering an injury is high in certain sports, proper management can control or reduce this risk. Risk management involves a work schedule through which risks can be identified, evaluated, and intervened on them various strategies Fuller (2007).

By intervening on certain risk factors (muscle imbalances, training mistakes) that are associated with various sports accidents in young people, acute injuries and those due to overtraining could be reduced from 15% to 50%.  It has been observed that high-intensity or high-volume workout sessions should be periodically alternated with lower intensity programs to increase the ability to adapt to workouts and reduce the risk of overtraining Chattanooga (2015).

Given the high frequency of injuries such as the ankle sprain, it is necessary to use devices such as the Huber 360 with which the risk of suffering from a sprain at this level can be predicted by evaluation. Such assessments should be carried out at the beginning of the competitive season, allowing athletes' weaknesses to be detected with the help of safe and reproducible assessments.

 

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The participants of this study are 5 athletes, who practice Kyokushin performance. They are male, physically, mentally, and intellectually healthy, who have agreed to be investigated before the competitions with the Huber 360 computer device, through which it is possible to establish those behavioural insufficiencies, which must be corrected, to sustain with as little damage as possible competition Valle et al. (2017).

The centralizing situation can be found in Table 1.

Table 1 The structure of the group of Kyokushin players under investigation
Subject	Sex	Age	Height [cm]	Weight [kg]
M1	Masculine	21	175	79
M2	Masculine	30	170	80
M3	Masculine	21	170	78
M4	Masculine	40	181	100
M5	Masculine	39	172	73

 

In the table is written the name of the subject and to this, we will refer during the investigations, which will be carried out with the HUBER 360 computerized device. According to the specifications presented in Table 1, all the members of the group of athletes fall within the prescriptions of Kyokushin sport.

The device used for investigations is HUBER 360. The Huber 360 is an apparatus with an oscillatory platform and 2 handles. It is equipped with force sensors located both under the motorized platform and at the level of the handles (Figure 1a). On the tablet on which the software (Figure 2b) HUBER 360 is integrated, you can view all the data recorded from the patient's evaluation, you can export the evaluation in PDF format that can be transmitted to the subject, allows personalized configuration of recovery programs and tracking the progress made by them Huber  (2019), Chattanooga (2019).                                                 

Figure 1  a. Huber 360 platform with a subject to investigate. b. the tablet of the device with the subject's data

 

The device mobilizes the joints in all planes of movement in safe conditions and helps to relieve dysfunction, the feedback received on the screen helps the patient to improve the strength and coordination of movements, working during this component of the program both superficial and deep muscles. With the help of balance games adapted to the physical condition of the patient, improved stability, and self-confidence during the realization of movements can be achieved. In the last stage, dynamic exercises are performed through which the tolerance to effort can be increased, and the improvement of the cardiovascular system and the modification of the BMI can be observed Chattanooga (2015), Huber (2018).

With the help of this platform, we can assess the patient objectively through a number of 7 specific functional tests: Stability Test; Unipodal test; Gait test; Stability limit test; Mobility restrictions test; Test of the strength of the hind limbs; Upper and lower limb coordination test.

The duration of the test is 15 minutes Chattanooga (2015). Of the 7 functional tests, 3 are based on the Romberg test and the Fukuda test and these assess balance, 2 focus on measuring the stability and mobility restrictions, and 2 focus on quantifying the force and assessing the coordination capacity of the subject Chattanooga (2019) In this paper for the investigation of the group of Kyokushin players, we will exemplify the stability test and the test of mobility restrictions. 

 

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In practicing Kyokushin sport, the prelabyl investigation of athletes will be done in a succession of 4 tests, which consist of: stability test with open eyes, stability limit test, upper limb resistance test, upper and lower limb coordination test.

 

3.1. Test of stability with open eyes

The open-eyed stability test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 2, with the evidential values for each investigated subject, and the corresponding representations are found in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6. The minimum values are marked with red and with blue the maximum values.

 

Table 2 Centralization of stability measurements with open eyes for sportive
Subject	Stability – length (eyes open) [mm]	Stability – area (eyes open) [mm2]	Stability –speed (eyes open) [mm/s]
M1	753.46	476.28	15.07
M2	587.11	174.25	11.74
M3	521.94	261.1	10.44
M4	526.85	177.72	10.54
M5	777.5	171.13	15.55

                                                                                   

Figure 2 M1 stability (eyes open)

 

Figure 3 M2 stability (eyes open)

 

Figure 4 M3 stability (eyes open)

 

 

Figure 5 M4 stability (eyes open)

 

Figure 6 M5 stability (eyes open)

 

The stability test with eyes open shows the position of the subject's centre of gravity on the Huber 360's moving platform. The favourable aptitude of a subject compared to the others for one of the recorded quantities is presented in the tables for 15 minutes, as the test is carried out.

In the Table 2, and in the figures Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 there are the registration data for the sportsman registrations. Using them we can conclude the followings:

·        The subject M3 presents the smallest length of movement of the centre of gravity in this 15-minute time of performing the test, but also the lowest speed of movement of the centre of gravity during the test. So, this topic has the best stability in terms of moving the centre of the masses during the requests, which can arise in Kyokushin from the action of opponents during the competition.

·        The subject M5 presents the smallest surface in the movement of the centre of gravity of the subject, the other sizes are maximum, so it is considered that the balance is not enough, to participate in competitions, it can be easily removed from the equilibrium position, and in order to balance it performs displacements in terms of length and high speed, which can lead to strong actions of the opponent. This athlete must do sustained training to be able to balance himself.

·        The subject M1 has the maximum values for the area of the investigated measures, from this point of view, it is considered that, Kyokushin cannot be practiced for safety reasons, accidents/injuries can be frequent and uncontrolled.

 

3.2.  Stability limit test

The stability limit test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 3, with the evidential values for each investigated subject, and the corresponding representations are found in Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11. The minimum values are marked with red and with blue the maximum values.

Table 3Centralization of stability limit test for sportive
Subject	Limits of stability 1	Limits of stability 2	Limits of stability 3	Limits of stability 4	Limits of stability 5	Limits of stability 6	Limits of stability 7	Limits of stability 8
M1	144	224	232	221	140	210	243	207
M2	114	172	256	167	100	102	209	160
M3	113	187	235	228	160	222	229	150
M4	128	194	224	217	169	247	243	189
M5	126	178	266	76	101	156	254	157

 

Figure 7 M1 stability limit test

 

Figure 8 M2 stability limit test

Figure 9 M3 stability limit test

 

Figure 10 M4 stability limit test

 

Figure 11 M5 stability limit test

 

The stability limit test involves transferring the body weight in one direction, without detaching the legs from the platform. The evaluation criterion is the maximum amplitude of the trunk and ankle, in 8 different directions Chattanooga (2015). The values recorded in the table represent the number on points accumulated in one direction out of the 8, which the subject records during the 15-minute test, during which the platform moves randomly. The minimum number of points denotes that in that direction the balance is better, while the large number signifies that the tendency to unbalance in that direction is higher. From the interpretation of Table 3 and figures Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, the following aspects can be listed:

·        The M1 sportive, compared to the other athletes, has greater instability in the directions: front, left-front, right front. On the other 5 directions it has medium stability. Stability can be considered average, from this point of view.

·        The M2 sportive, compared to the other athletes in the group, has the best stability in the left-front, rear, right-rear, right-side, right directions, so it has good stability compared to the demands, to which it is subjected. It has good stability and can tow Kyokushin sport, as a performance athlete.

·        The M3 sportive has good stability, compared to the other athletes in the directions: front, right-front, but has an instability found on the directions left-rear, right rear. This sportive must keep his back away from attacks because he is vulnerable.

·        The M4 sportive has a median demean in general, an instability directly at the rear and an instability in the left-rear. This athlete is apt for Kyokushin.

·        This sportive (M5) has strong stability in the rear and instability in the right front. He can practice Kyokushin with attention to the imbalance to the right.

 

3.3. Upper limb resistance test

The upper limb resistance test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 4, with the evidential values for each investigated subject, The minimum values are marked with red and with blue the maximum values. This test refers to the force of the upper limbs in isometric contraction, ironing the subject has his hands fixed on the handles of the device and acts with one hand or another by pulling or pushing.

Table 4 Centralization of upper limb resistance test, and upper and lower limb coordination test for sportives
Subject	Strength – push left [DaN]	Strength – push right [DaN]	Strength – pull left [DaN]	Strength – pull right [DaN]	Coordination level
M1	15	12	-20	-19	0
M2	10	13	-13	-13	0
M3	12	11	-9	-10	0
M4	8	7	-10	-11	0
M5	19	19	-14	-17	0

 

From the analysis of Table 4 regarding the action of the superior memes, it is found that:

1)     The M1 athlete has the best pulling behaviour, but it does not apply to this sport.

2)     The M3 and M4 athletes have the push, respectively the weaker pull, so they will show caution in Kyokushin.

3)     The M5 athlete has the best manifestation through the action by pushing the hands, so he is fit for practicing Kyokushin as a performance sport.

 

3.4.  Upper and lower limb coordination test

The open-eyed stability test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 4, with the evidential values for each investigated subject. In the Figure 12 there is the representation for each of them regarding this test.

The coordination test between the upper and lower limbs is closely related to the previous test because the subject is located on the platform, with his hands on the handles, and the athlete must push with the same force in both handles and maintain his balance on the platform. On the monitor screen appear different images, and the investigated one must be attentive to the received commands, to execute them according to the requirements.

Figure 12 M1 – M5 upper and lower limb coordination test

 

 

This test is especially important for athletes who practice Kyokushin because it requires their attention in the face, in order to react to the opponent's requests – in this case the screen of the device's monitor. This is a dynamic test. It was found that this dynamic test is very demanding for those investigated and manage to execute the commands for about 30 seconds.  Figure 12 was introduced to exemplification of this test, because all athletes had the same behaviour and did not require the presentation of 5 figures almost. From Table 4 it results that none of those investigated managed to exceed the "0" level of the test and did not qualify for the next level. The tested athletes cannot cope for more than 30 seconds at the opponent's action, they will have to do sustained training for the application of Kyokushin, as a performance sport.

 

4. CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS

The paper presents a preliminary test performed on five athletes who practice Kyokushin, as a performance sport. All athletes are part of the same team, so they are competitors only in training and not in competitions.

The test was performed with a specialized HUBER 360 device, which can perform 7 distinct tests on a platform that performs controlled movements, on which the competitor is positioned in an orthostatic position, with the soles of the feet placed by markings, which are posterior sensors, and the hands may or may not be put on some handles, where there is another category of sensors.

The tests were necessary to warn the athletes about the deficiencies that are detected in their behaviour under the action of external stimuli, to avoid injuries during competitions, or to direct the trainings in such a manner that the athlete's body is prepared for sports confrontations. The test results were communicated to the athletes.

The situation is as follows:

1)     The M2 and M4 sportive are enough good the practice Kyokushin as performance sports.

2)     M1 and M5 athletes have instability and accentuated imbalances, so training must be well directed to correct the inconveniences.

3)     The M3 athlete is liable to injuries, so it would be good not to practice Kyokushin as a performance sport.

 

REFERENCES

Chattanooga. (2015). Integrated functional assessment. Retrieved from http://international. chattgroup. com/huber360/assessment.php  

Chattanooga. (2019). Huber 360. Retrieved from https://www.chattanoogarehab.com/huber-360-15-0011-int

Emery, C. A., & Pasanen, K. (2019). Current trends in sport injury prevention. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 33(1), 3-15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.009

Fuller C. W. (2007). Managing the risk of injury in sport. Clinical journal of sport medicine: official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 17(3), 182-187. Retrieved from  https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31805930b0

Huber 360. (2019). Https : //Www.Chattanoogarehab.Com/. Retrieved from https://www. chattanoogarehab.com/ huber-360-15-0011-int  

 Huber (2018). Technology LPG Medical.

Valle, X., Alentorn-Geli, E., Tol, J. L., Hamilton, B., Garrett, W. E., Jr, Pruna, R., Til, L., Gutierrez, and all. (2017). Muscle Injuries in Sports : A New Evidence-Informed and Expert Consensus-Based Classification with Clinical Application. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(7), 1241-1253. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0647-1