INTRODUCING EXHALED HUMAN BREATH WATER VAPOR AS ADDITIONAL PROPOSED MECHANISM INFLUENCING SPEED OF SUPERFICIAL CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING1 13442 SW 102
Lane, Miami Florida 33186, USA
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Received 25 September2021 Accepted 19 October 2021 Published 31 October 2021 Corresponding Author Abrahám
A. Embí BS, Embi21@att.net DOI 10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i10.2021.4313 Funding:
This
research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,
commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Copyright:
© 2021
The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited. |
ABSTRACT |
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The
concept that moist wounds heal faster than dry wounds was introduced in 1962.
Most recently, in 1990 the concept was revisited with the introduction of a
highly permeable wound dressing exposed to water vapors. The latter allows
for water as a humidifying agent. Ideally,
acceleration of superficial wound healing had been accomplished by the
introduction of a highly water vapor permeable wound dressing. The breathable
property allows for water vapor to interact with already present fibrin(ogen)
material in blood clots. This
manuscript adds a revised mechanism for the ultimate undisturbed success in
cutaneous wound healing, being the dependency on a continuos supply of water
vapor. In vitro experiments are introduced showing the cessation of exhaled
human breath vapor onto a dry human blood smear as the end point of said
interaction. Additionally the experiments were reproduced by exposing the
blood smears to steam (water vapor) generated by machinery. In conclusion,
exhaled human breath water vapor blown onto a blood clot has the same effect
as water vapor emitted by machinery boiling water. Both causing a
disappearance of the clot organized fibrin strands into a semisolid
gelatinous state. Additionally, discontinuation of the water vapor infusion
is also documented triggering a return of organized fibrin strands, albeit of
greater intensity. |
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Keywords: Exhaled
Human Breath, Water Vapor, Fibrin Disappearance, Fibrin Appearance, Cutaneous
Wound Healing, Wound Healing Acceleration 1. INTRODUCTION The demonstration that a
moist environment was beneficial to superficial wound healing was introduced
in 1962 (Winter (1962)). Most recent, reports
in the literature support a beneficial role in accelerating cutaneous wound
repair by using a highly water vapor permeable superficial wound dressings. A
stated, the permeable dressing “The breathable film enabled coagulation of
the wound exudate, preserving it into a semisolid gelatinous state. This
coagulum layer contained an abundant amount of fibrin(ogen) and fibronectin.
In wounds occluded with OpSite film, depositions of fibrin(ogen) and
fibronectin were less extensive” (Jonkman et al. (1990), Laurens et al. (2006)). In this manuscript, the
continuous presence of water vapor is introduced as an essential factor in
maintaining the observed semisolid gelationous state and consequent wound
healing acceleration. Human blood smears were prepared as CDC guidleines (Center for Disease Control (CDC) (n.d.)) Video
recordings will |
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show the essential role of a continuous water vapor presence in perpetuating the process.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
Previously prepared dry blood smear on 25x75x1mm glass slide.
Video Microscope Celestron Model #44348
Water vapor emission from Expresso Coffee IMUSA model GAU-#18202
Apple McBook Pro Computer with Photo Application.
2.1. Methods
1) Handheld Method Away from Microscope
A previously prepared and dry blood smear slide was held in front of mouth and moist air exhaled sequentially X5. Post breath delivery the, fresh air inhaled though and blown again.
(Figure 1). A: Slide placed in front of open mouth. B: Slide in microscope platform with machine steam source near.
(Figure 2). Recorded images.
Photograph Showing Handheld Approach for Exhaled
Breath
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Figure 1 Showing both methods to
transfer water vapor onto a blood smear. A: Orange Arrow pointing at blood
smear held in front of open mouth as exhaled breath blown. B: Blood smear
placed on microscope platform. Red arrows this time showing water vapor source
flow. Post breath delivery, fresh air inhaled though mouth and blown again. |
Image in B, expanded in Figure 3 below.
Results from Blowing Exhaled Human Breath Water vapor
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Figure 2 Selected video frames depicting
exhaled human breath on fibrin networks. Glass smear on microscope platform
showing larger fibrins strands post rebound. |
For additional details link to: https://youtu.be/4_2hDup98pQ Or scan QR Code in right upper side of figure.
2) Microscope Platform Near Water Vapor Source
Ancillary Testing Methodology. To rule out Exhaled
Breath Ions or particles as cause of fibrinolysis.
The espresso coffee maker was placed in steam mode.
The glass smear placed on the microscope platform.
As soon as water vapor was observed clouding the image, the steam source was moved away.
Images recorded (Figure 3)
Photograph Showing Video-Microscope Near Water Vapor
Source
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Figure 3 Photographic image of espresso
coffee maker next to microscope. Showing X: Hot stem outlet. Orange arrows mimicking
steam flow. Notice large orange arrow showing position of blood smear on
microscope platform. |
Images from Machine Emitted Water Vapor on Blood Smear as Shown in Figure 3 above.
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Figure 4 Slide
on microscope- Machine steam source near. Red arrow fibrin strands
reappearing as water vapor stop. For additional detais, please link to: Or Scan QR Code in upper left of image. |
3. RESULTS
The Gelatinous
Coagulum Reversal and Fibrin Increase
The images
below demonstrates a control image (Figure 5 + Video) and a post cessation of water
vapor infusion (Figure 6 + video), the noticeable increase in fibrin
presence post cessation of water vapor infusions could be seen by comparing red
arrows in Figure 5 and Figure 6 below.
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Figure 5 Frame
00:00 Red arrow pointing at initial fibrin network prior to exhaled human
breath maneuver. For additional details, please link to: https://youtu.be/QEFiGMYPNuE Or Scan QR Code in left upper corner. |
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Figure 6 Frame
00:28 Red arrow pointing at increased fibrin network intensity post exhaled
human breath maneuver. For additional details, please link to: https://youtu.be/QEFiGMYPNuE Or Scan QR Code in left upper corner. |
Demonstration
of Reversal of Gelatinous Coagulum into Fibrin Strands During Evaporation
The image
below (Figure 7 + video) confirms that when the gelatinous
coagulum is sandwiched between two slides, the lack of evaporation preserves
the coagulum. As soon as the top slide of the sandwiched is removed, there is
video evidence of a return of the actual fibrin structures.
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Figure 7 Frame 00:08 Post blown breath –
“wet stage”- Gelatinous coagulum was immediately trapped by second glass
slide. Showing amorphous mass. Top
slide removed and due to evaporation the coagulum reversing back showing
fibrin. For additional details, please link to: (See video link below) https://youtu.be/npopmlrsm3A Or Scan QR Code in left upper corner. See difference
from frame 00:56 at end of video- |
4. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
A mechanism in
introduced where a continuous supply of water vapor is essential for the
maintenance of a gelatinous coagulum needed for accelerating superficial wound
healing. The evidence shows that as soon as there is a cessation of water vapor
the coagulum undergoes evaporation and it reverses back to its fibrin network
architecture. Previous published statements should be modified to read: “Accelerated
epithelization under a highly vapor-permeable wound dressing is associated with
increased precipitation of fibrin(ogen) and fibronectin; as long as there is a
continuous water vapor supply”. “Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, which forms
a cohesive network, and provides a temporary support for wound healing. The
structural composition of fibrin and the binding of fibrin to cells and
proteins highly determine the wound healing process” (Mosesson et al.
(2001), Weisel
(2015)).
Saliva and Wound Healing?
Prior publications attribute saliva many tissue
factor in speeding oral would healing, stated “recognition of the many roles salivary proteins play in wound
healing makes saliva a promising source for the development of new drugs
involved in tissue regeneration” (Brand et al. (2014)).
Moist Environment
and Wound Healing
The evidence
presented in this manuscript identifies a moist
“saliva-free” environment in speeding wound healing, a continuos water vapor presence is
identified as factor in speeding non-buccal superficial wounds.
Additional Suggestions
Additional research
is highly recommended to rule out unforeseen complications from exhaled human
breath vapors, such as new infections in the host that could be airborne
transmitted (Zheng et al.
(2018)).
It has been a very interesting
and rewarding finding to be able to observe the water vapor interaction with
fibrin(ogen).
REFERENCES
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