ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACTR. C. Agrawal 1 1 Department of Research, Priyamvada Birla Cancer Research Institute, M.P. Birla Hospital J. R. Birla Road, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India. |
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Received 16 October 2021 Accepted 16 November 2021 Published 30 November 2021 Corresponding Author R.
C. Agrawal, rcagrawal.pbcri@gmail.com DOI 10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i11.2021.4297 Funding:
This
research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,
commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Copyright:
© 2021
The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited.
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ABSTRACT |
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The
pharmacological studies of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Psidium
guajava was undertaken using Disk diffusion method. The secondary
metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, saponins, and tannins were present in
Psidium guava extract in phytochemical screening, it also showed
antibacterial activities. The study is
important because different part of Psidium gujaava is used for treatment of
various ailments in traditional medicine. |
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Keywords: Antibacterial,
Photochemical, Psidium Guajava 1. INTRODUCTION The roots, bark, and
leaves extract of Guava or Psidium guajava are used to treat various
ailments in folk medicine. Morton (1987). The fruits of Psidium
guajava contain vitamin C, vitamin A, iron, calcium and phosphorus Iwu (1993). It has 5 times
richer in vitamin C than oranges Conway (2001). Manganese,
phosphoric, oxalic and malic acids are also present in the fruit of Guava Nadkarni and Nadkarni
(1999). The guava
extract was reported antimicrobial activity against different
bacteria strains Iwu (1993), Gnan and Demello
(1999), Pranee (1999). The leaves have
antiseptic properties Hernandez (1971),
anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities Muruganandan et al.
(2000). The ripe fruit
is mildly laxative and the unripe fruit is indigestible Conway (2001). It is the remedy for diarrhea in folk medicine Wei et al. (2000). 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. EXTRACTION PROCESS Procedure The Psidium gujava leaves
were collected from the local area of
Satna, cleaned and dried for few days in shade. Then powder was made with the
help of grinder.50 gms of leaves powder was taken in a separating funnel and
added 50% methanol, then mixed it gently. After every 24 hours extract was
collected in a beaker till the solvent appeared colorless. The final extract
was pooled together and powder was made at 40o C in water bath. The total
weight of dried powder was weighed.
The desired amount of powder was dissolved in double distilled water
before the final administration.
Phytochemical screening was undertaken as per method reported by
Agrawal, RC, 2021 |
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2.2. Antibacterial Activity
Microorganisms used
The test organisms were obtained from the Department of Research, PBCRI Satna (M.P.). Antibacterial screening was undertaken at different concentration of 50% methanolic extract of Psidium gujava leaves the paper disc having the same diameter absorbed the concentration of extract as per method described by Kirby-Bauer (Disc diffusion method). The detail method is described in our published paper Agrawal (2021)
3. RESULTS
1) Phytochemical
screening
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Table 1 Phytochemical present in the
hydromethanolic extract of Psidium guajava extract |
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S.No. |
Test |
Results |
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1. |
Test for
Carbohydrates and reducing sugars |
- |
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2 |
Test for Phenolic compound’s |
+ |
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3 |
Test for Tannins |
+ |
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4 |
Test for Proteins |
- |
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5 |
Test for Saponins |
+ |
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6 |
Test for Alkaloids |
+ |
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+ indicate present, - indicate absent. |
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2) Antibacterial
Activitys
Psidium guajava exhibited antibacterial activity against S.aureus , Klebsellia ,Ps auregosa and E. coli at the extract of leaves of at the different concentration
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Tables 2 Studies
of Antibacterial Activity of Psidium Guajava |
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Name of microorganisms |
% Concentration of Extract / [zone of inhibition(mm)] |
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25 |
50 |
75 |
100 |
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S.aureus |
12 |
11 |
15 |
10 |
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Klebsellia |
15 |
12 |
13 |
17 |
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Ps.auregiosa |
11 |
10 |
13 |
11 |
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E. Coli |
10 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
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Figure 1 showed A, B, C and D showed the zone of inhibitions |
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Recent scientific research has established the presence of many active compounds in this plant that are known to possess specific pharmacological properties. Present study showed that Psidium guajava leaves extract caused antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. These results support the findings of Egharevba et al. (2010) and Biwas et al. (2013) which also reported the antibacterial effect of guava leaves extracts and found that they inhibited the growth of S. aureus. However, the ethanolic extract showed stronger inhibition than the aqueous extract against the organisms. Phenols, saponins, Tannins and Alkaloids were present in the 50 % methanolic extract of Psidium extract. Psidium Gujava may be used for development of modern drugs for various ailments.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author is thankful to Ms. Shikhaq dahiya, Dissertation student for carring out some part of the work.
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