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STRATEGIC PLANNING OF ORGANIZATIONS ' TRANSITION TO THE SIXTH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMYV. V. Glushchenko *1
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Article Type: Research Article
Article Citation: V. V.
Glushchenko. (2021). STRATEGIC PLANNING OF ORGANIZATIONS ' TRANSITION TO THE
SIXTH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY. International Journal of
Engineering Science Technologies, 5(1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.29121/IJOEST.v5.i1.2021.159
Received Date: 10 December 2020
Accepted Date: 08 January 2021
Keywords:
System
Analysis
Planning
Strategy
Economy
Technological
Structure
Functions
Role
Representation
Properties
Innovations
Elements
ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the strategic planning of the transition to the sixth technological structure of the economy; the object of the article is the sixth technological order in the national economy; the aim is to increase the effectiveness of strategic planning of development of the sixth technological order in the national economy; to achieve this goal the following tasks: a concept of "technological system"; describes the methodological principles of a scientific theory of technological structures; developed data grid technological structures; synthesized tables of the properties of technological structures; the table is formed of animation technologies of new and previous orders; it formed a methodology for strategic planning of the sixth technological structure; scientifically speaking, strategic planning, algebra, logic, analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, search and normative forecasting, heuristic forecasting, expert methods, logical and comparative analysis; the scientific novelty of the work is determined by the formation of the methodology of strategic planning of the transition of organizations to the sixth technological order in the national economy; the results of the work will be useful for various economic entities (the state, corporations, technology platforms, clusters, innovative firms).
1. INTRODUCTION
The relevance of this work is determined by the need to increase the effectiveness of strategic planning for the development of the sixth technological order in the national economy. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of the economy's exit from the global financial and systemic crisis.
The hypothesis of the article is the statement that in order to increase the efficiency of the development of the sixth technological order in the national economy, it is necessary to develop a methodology for strategic planning of this process in organizations.
The purpose of the work is to improve the effectiveness of strategic planning for the development of the sixth technological order in the national economy.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:
· the concept of "technological structure" has been clarified;
· descriptions of methodological scientific theory of technological orders;
· tables of elements of technological structures are being developed;
· a table of properties of technological structures is synthesized;
· a table of animation technologies of the new and previous styles is being built;
· the methodology of strategic planning for the development of the sixth technological order is being formed.
The object of the article is the sixth technological order in the national economy.
The subject of the article is the strategic planning of the transition of the national economy to the sixth technological order.
The systematic approach is based on the study and consideration of all parts of the technological structure in their mutual connection.
The strategic plan for the development of the sixth technological order in the national economy will be called a system of interrelated long-term measures. These measures are aimed at creating a new technological order in a certain national economy.
We will study
scientific publications on the topic of the article. Researchers recognize the
need to develop a methodology for strategic planning of the transition to a new
technological order [1, p.488-504; 2, p. 2].
There is
growing interest in the development of a strategic approach in the country's
economy [3, p. 86-91]. Researchers study the conditions of sustainable
development in the implementation of strategic plans [4, p. 41-45]. A strategic
approach is needed when using the investment resources of organizations [5, p.
69-74]. It is important to develop the human capital of firms [6, p. 84-87].
They design
strategic planning tools in the national economy [7, p. 3-8]. They note an
increase in the degree of uncertainty of the development conditions in the
economy [8, p. 107-110]. The development of strategic plans for the development
of business processes is important [9, p. 108-113]. The methodology of
strategic planning of innovative development is described in [10, p. 2-4; 11,
p. 2-5].
However, the
methodology of strategic planning for the development of the sixth
technological order in the national economy has not yet been described.
There is a
well-known proposal to identify the world economic system with the technological
order. The world economic system is defined as a complex of integrated
institutions. These institutions form the conditions for the expanded
reproduction of capital. Such institutions create the mechanism of world
economic relations [12, p. 3-29]. It is difficult to agree with this approach.
It is more logical to assume that the global economic order is a geopolitical
and macroeconomic "superstructure" over the technological order. The global economic structure reflects the
specifics of global institutions in the period of functioning of a certain
technological order. Another mistake is the identification of the technological
order with the technological basis of the organization, for example, in [13, p.
70-75].
At the same
time, the wrong definition of the concept of "technological order"
creates risk. This risk can lead to economic damage in the practical
implementation of the strategy of transition of the national economy to the
sixth technological order.
Only after
determining the key concept of "technological order (structure)" (the
object of planning) can we proceed to the development of its concept [13, p.
70-75]. The concept of "technological structure (order)" is important
when predicting its structure [14, p. 182-189]. This concept is also important
in the synthesis of the strategy for the formation of a new way of life in the
national economy [15, p.82-89]. It is necessary to study the structural
elements of strategic planning of the sixth technological order. They study the
conditions for the formation of a new way of life in the economy [16, p.
37-40]. They study the opportunities for the development of the Russian economy
in this period [17, p. 54-58]. The analysis of long-term trends of
technological progress is carried out [18, p.211-217]. The process of
developing a new technological way of life covers the solution of new problems
of economic science [19, p. 70-86]. It is necessary to create a new scientific
and technical policy of the country [20, p. 201-208]. In strategic planning of
the sixth technological order in the national economy, it is recommended to
take into account the crisis. The reason for this crisis is the mismatch
between the technological basis and the existing economic institutions [21, p.
24-29]. Therefore, the process of forming a new technological order is
simultaneously a process of overcoming their global crisis. When forming a
strategic plan for the development of a new technological order,
the materials of work on such planning are useful [22, p. 58-61]. In strategic
planning, general scientific and private scientific methods are used [23, p.
2]. The strategic plan is based on the scientific theory of technological
orders [24, p.60-74]. With such planning, the technological structure appears
as a basic factor of the progress of the national economy [25, p. 93-100]. In
such planning, the functions and roles of technological order are important
[25, p. 80-93].
2. METHOD
Under
strategic planning, we agree to understand the process of developing a
strategic plan for the development of the sixth technological order. The tasks
of forming a strategic plan for the formation of the sixth technological order
can be considered: external adaptation of the national economy to the
structural restructuring of the external environment (world order); internal
coordination of the structural segments of the national economy during the time
of the sixth technological order. The most common point of view in 2021 is that
the technological structure is understood as a set of interrelated production
technologies. These technologies should be located at the same technical and
technological level. The technologies that make up the way of life develop
synchronously [13, p. 70-75]. This interpretation of the concept of
"technological way of life" makes this concept equivalent to the
concept of the technological basis of the company, industry, economy [ 24, p.
60-74].
The analysis
shows the existence of a systemic relationship between the factors of the world
system and the factors of the technological order.
The empirical material confirms the broad interrelation of technologies in the
national economy, social and economic processes, and institutions. It can be
argued that there is an influence of production technologies on: types of
money; the world currency system; on the forms and types of business processes
in the economy. The technological structure is typical for a certain historical
period. This gives grounds to call the system association (aggregation) a"
technological way of life".): technological basis, socio-industrial
institutions, business processes, management concepts in the economy and
society. The technological structure exists at a certain stage of the
historical, technological, economic, social, and cultural development of the
economy (society).
The theory of technological order can be an effective methodological tool for increasing the efficiency of the processes of creating such a order (structure) in the national economy. In the theory of technological order (structures), the influence of technologies is considered at the following levels: the global system (mega - level); the level of the national economy (macro-level); the level of organizations (legal entities) - the micro-level.
Under the scientific (complete, general) theory of technological order, we will understand the scientific discipline. This scientific discipline is focused on the synthesis of objective knowledge (of a scientific nature) that describes and reflects: the essence of technological order; the influence of technological order on geopolitical, social and economic processes.
Under the scientific method in the scientific theory of technological structures, we will mean a set of principles and techniques. These principles and techniques are used for scientific (objective) knowledge of all types of processes in the new technological order.
The methodological function of the theory of technological structures is the synthesis of concepts, the theoretical basis, the general theory of the method (methodology) of research. These are studies of processes, facts and phenomena that express the essence of the technological order.
The cognitive function of this science is aimed at studying the processes of registration, storage, classification, and analysis of information.
The synthesis of effective methods and programs for the development of the sixth technological order is the instrumental (regulatory) function of the science of technological systems.
The legislative function of this science is to develop the norms of positive law aimed at the development of a new technological order.
The optimization function of the science of technological orders consists in finding optimal options for the development of the sixth technological order.
The predictive function of this scientific theory is to develop probabilistic estimates of the structure and main indicators of the new technological order.
The preventive function of the science of technological order lies in the planning and implementation of measures aimed at reducing the magnitude of risks.
The psychological function of the scientific theory of technological order is to form the correct perception of the process of development of a new technological order.
The function of knowledge socialization is to transfer knowledge about the content, essence, and influence of technological orders. This is knowledge about the impact of the technological order on: the world order; the global and national economy; the social environment; the environment; the security of human life and activity in society.
The system-forming function of the science of technological orders consists in the synthesis of the system approach in the process of the formation of the sixth technological order in the economy.
The analysis shows that the science of technological orders performs the following roles:
· increasing the economic efficiency of the policy of developing the structural elements of the technological structure;
· development of the technological structure as a whole;
· reducing risks in the process of forming a new technological order;
· increase in the net present value (NPV) of the investment.
The laws of
the scientific theory of technological structures can be considered as:
1)
the
technological order in the national economy should be understood as the
integration into a single whole: a qualitatively new state of the technological
basis of organizations; new management methods; new types of business; a new
nature of social and industrial relations; new types of transactions;
2)
the
technological basis (part of the technological structure) is a set of new
production and business technologies;
3)
the
world order is a geopolitical and geo-economic superstructure over the
technological order;
4)
all
technological orders should be studied within the framework of a systematic
approach as large, complex humanistic (including human) systems;
5)
in
the process of developing a new technological way, new technologies are
integrated with the technologies of the old technological ways. This leads to
the modernization of the technologies of the previous technological orders;
6)
the
economic efficiency of the technology of the new technological order is
determined by the number of integrations (level animation) technology in
previous technological orders (the more animations, the higher the economic
efficiency of new technologies);
7)
in
the national economy, a new technological order is born and develops in the
depths of the previous technological order. At a certain stage, the existing
socio-economic relations (institutions) begin to hinder further development.
This leads to a crisis;
8)
the
systemic crisis of 2008 will subside as a result of the formation of a new
technological order. Therefore, the development of a new technological order is
an anti-crisis measure.
9)
the
new technological order represents a qualitative leap in the technological
development of the economy.
The laws of
the theory of technological structures in mechanical engineering are described
in [1, p. 488-504; 2, p. 12-20 ; 26, p. 80-93].
Methods of the
science of technological structures can be: philosophy of science; ideology of
management; scientific and technical policy; system approach; analysis and
synthesis; heuristic, logical, structural, mathematical forecasting; economic
mathematical modeling; sociological methods; methods of cultural studies;
management methods; theory of organizational behavior; theories of credit,
money, finance; management psychology; theory of state and law; geopolitics.
In this
article, the methodology of strategic planning for the development of the sixth
technological order in the national economy is
formed. This method of strategic planning is part of the predictive function of
the scientific theory of technological orders. At the same time, such a
technique can also be attributed to the methodological function of the theory
of technological orders.
To synthesize
strategic plans for the development of a new technological order in the
national economy, an analysis is required. This is an analysis of the elements
and properties of the technological order. As a
result of such a strategic analysis, it is necessary to describe the
technological order as an object of strategic planning.
The essence of
the scientific category reveals its functions and roles in social and economic
development.
For
technological orders, you can recognize the following functions:
·
the
function of integration into a single system: technological basis;
socio-industrial institutions; management methods; business methods;
organizational culture;
·
the
function of the development of industrial relations (institutions) is
responsible for the formation of new types of industrial relations
(institutions) in society and the economy;
·
the
function of improving management methods provides a synthesis of new management
methods in the economy and society;
·
the
function of creating a new world order as a new system of international
geopolitical relations;
·
the
function of the development of international monetary and financial relations
(institutions);
·
the
function of creating a new organizational and production culture;
·
the
function of improving the partnership of the state, society and business [1, p.
488-504; 26, p. 80-93].
At the same
time, the technological order performs the following roles:
1)
improving
the efficiency of public production on the basis of advanced achievements of
scientific and technological development;
2)
increasing
the economic efficiency of investments in new technologies and / or by
multiplying technologies;
3)
increase
the degree of comfort and safety of people's lives.
The strategic
analysis of the structure of the technological order can be performed using the
functional-decomposition representation of large systems. Such a representation
was proposed in [27, p. 184-186]. Examples of using the
functional-decomposition representation for the strategic analysis of elements
of technological orders are given in [1, p. 488-504; 2, p. 36-38; 28, p. 44-63;
29-31].
As part of
this approach, you can create several tables in the analysis.
The table of
elements of the technological sorder (Table No. 1) will have the form of a
matrix. The lines of this matrix are designated by the names of all known six
technological order of the capitalist period of development. In addition, it is
proposed to include two more technological ways in this table. These
technological order belong to the pre-capitalist period of development. The
technological way of life uses horse-drawn transport (horse traction). It is
proposed to call it" -1 "("minus the first") technological order
(mode). The second additional pre-capitalist technological order is based on
the allocation of a windmill as an energy installation. This technological order (mode) is proposed to be called the
"0-m" ("zero") technological order.
The rows of
the table of elements of the technological order correspond to the names of
technological orders. And the columns of this table are determined by the names
of the elements of technological orders. The columns of this table can be:
types of power plants (wind, horse-drawn, steam, internal combustion, piston,
jet, nuclear, etc.); types of money (gold, credit, electronic
cryptocurrencies); type of the world currency system (Paris, Genoa, Breton
Woods, Jamaica, etc.); types of characteristic technologies (textile,
information, intellectual, etc.); socio-economic formation.
Under the
socio-economic formation, we will agree to understand a historically defined
type of social structure. This type of social structure is always based on a
certain technological order. At the same time, the technological order
corresponds to specific: methods of production; methods of management; types of
money; production relations. It is customary to distinguish such socio-economic
formations: primitive communal; slave-owning, feudal, capitalist, imperialism.
In this
strategic analysis, the name of the type of element related to the content of
the column is placed at the intersection of the row and column.
An example of
a strategic analysis of the structure of the elements of technological order is
given in Table No. 1 (Appendix No. 1, on 2 sheets).
Using the
second table, you can represent the properties of technological orders. The
rows of the second table are similar to the rows of the first table (defined by
the name of the layout). The content of the columns of the second table must
correspond to the characteristics (properties) of all 8 technological orders
accepted for analysis:
·
types
of new technological directions;
·
main
types of products;
·
types
of money (gold, credit money, electronic money, cryptocurrencies);
·
new
types of business processes (leasing, factoring, franchising, forfeiting,
etc.);
·
forms
of business organization: manufactories, enterprises, corporations (trusts,
consortia, syndicates), virtual corporations, clusters, technology platforms,
and more;
·
types
of production: conveyor, flexible automated production; computer-aided design
systems of production, etc.;
·
special
forms of organization of scientific research;
·
forms
of competition between producers of goods and / or services: price and
non-price competition; competition at the level of goods and services,
competition at the level of organizational cultures;
·
the
fastest growing markets (goods, services, etc.);
·
the
model of interaction of the organization with the personnel (personnel work,
personnel management, human resources management, formation and management of
virtual teams, and more);
·
the
most typical types of organizational structures (functional, product, matrix,
etc.).
An example of
a strategic analysis of the properties of 8 technological orders is given in
Table 2 (Appendix 2, on 2 sheets).
The strategic
analysis gives grounds to include in the list of the main directions of
development of new technologies: neurotechnologies; nanotechnologies;
artificial intelligence technologies; digitalization technologies; information
technologies; intelligent technologies; resource-saving technologies;
environmentally friendly ("green") technologies and others.
The economic
efficiency of the use of new technologies in the economy is determined by the
depth and number of integrations (multiplication) of new technologies with the
technologies of previous technological orders. The concept of
"multiplication (multiplication) of technologies" in this paper will
be called the integral characteristic of the number and depth of integration of
new and old technologies during the transition to the sixth technological
order. The concept of "multiplication (multiplication) of
technologies" determines the economic efficiency of the use of new
technologies in the national economy of the country.
To study the
goals and objectives of such animation of new and old technologies in the
period of formation of the new sixth technological order, a third table can be
compiled. This is a technology animation table.
Such a table
can be developed at two levels: first, at the level of key technologies of
previous technological order (macro-level, national economy level); second, at
the level of specific products of certain enterprises (micro-economic level).
The row numbers of this table can correspond to the numbers of the
technological orders. And the columns of this table correspond to the names of
the main new technologies of the sixth technological order. At the intersection
of the row and column of this table can be enumerated the practical application
of the technology, a new way for technological upgrading previous technological
order.
The results of
drawing up such a table will be useful in shaping the policy of scientific and
technological development of the national economy when it enters the sixth
technological order. This table allows you to determine the main directions of
practical use of new technologies. This use of new technologies leads to an
increase in the economic effect of multiplying various technologies. Such
multiplication (multiplication) of technologies is useful in the process of
modernization of the existing technological basis in the national economy.
An example of
such a table is given in Appendix No. 3, Table No. 3.
An example of
constructing a table of multiplication of technologies of a new technological
way when upgrading the products of a particular enterprise is given in Table
No. 4. In this table, the rows correspond to the subsystems of the enterprise's
products. In our example, such a product is a vehicle. The columns in Table 4
correspond to the types of new technologies .
Table No. 4
(multiplication of new technologies during vehicle modernization) is given in
Appendix No. 4.
The overall
strategic plan for the development of the national economy can cover the
development and multiplication of all types of technologies. The development of
technologies can be associated with the formation of technological platforms or
clusters in the economy. Then private (industry, cluster, etc.) strategic plans
can be formed. Each of these plans will cover the development of a separate
type of technology (clusters, platforms). Such planning is carried out to the
full depth of the technology lifecycle. At the same time, each of the types of
strategic plans can contain two parts (sections). The first part reflects
measures to adapt the economy to changes in the external environment (external
conditions). And the other part of the strategic plan includes measures to
coordinate the internal environment. With such strategic planning, the results
of the work can be useful [28, p. 44-63].
3. DISCUSSION
A distinctive feature of the formation of the sixth technological order can be considered the presence of a qualitative leap in scientific and technological progress (STP). The presence of a qualitative leap in the NTP limits the possibility of using the analogy. In addition, the existence of a qualitative leap in development prevents the use of statistical methods in such planning.
The next (second) characteristic feature of the synthesis of such a strategic plan can be considered its systematic nature. The systematic nature of the strategic plan is explained by the integration of technical, economic, and organizational parts.
The third special methodological feature of this strategic plan should be recognized that the planning period is equal to the life cycle of technologies in the national economy.
The fourth feature of this plan is that such a strategic plan includes a risk analysis. In addition, it also includes a list of measures to reduce the risks of implementing this plan.
The fifth difference of such a strategic plan is the use of the results of the forecast analysis of the sixth technological order.
The sixth feature of this strategic plan is the need for periodic adjustments to this plan.
The seventh feature of the strategic plan for such development is its flexibility. This means that there is a possibility of making changes to the development goals when the situation in the economy changes.
The strategic
plan should take into account the development of innovative activities.
Innovation activity will become permanent.
Therefore, it
will be necessary to develop new forms of venture financing of innovation
activities [32, p. 60-75].
Matrix
organizational structures will be further developed and implemented. This is
determined by the higher ability of matrix structures to respond to dynamic
changes in the external environment. An integral element of the matrix
structure is the formation and management of project teams. Often, a project
team is created at the stage of project inception. The project team functions
throughout the entire project life cycle [33, p. 272-287].
The strategic
plan for the development of a new technological order can be recommended to
take into account the development of partnership between the state and
business. The forms of such partnership can be: state participation in the
project; state credit; state subsidies, subsidies, subventions; state
guarantees, and others.
The results of
the article will be useful for various economic entities (the state,
corporations, technology platforms, clusters, innovative firms) in strategic planning.
4. CONCLUSION
The article
develops the science of technological orders,
describes the functions and roles of the scientific theory of technological
orders. The article offers methods for analyzing the elements and properties of
technological orders. To analyze the structure and properties of technological
orders, a functional decomposition representation of complex systems is used.
The article describes the features of strategic planning of the transition to
the sixth technological order. The principles of
strategic planning of the transition to the sixth technological order are
justified. The structure and elements of the strategic plan for the transition
to the sixth technological order are described. The results of the article will be useful for
various economic organizations (government, corporations, technology platforms,
clusters, innovative firms) in strategic
planning.
Appendix No. 1 Table No. 1: Table of elements of technological orders (beginning)
№ п/п |
Elements of the technological order /Names technological order |
Time period of Existence of the technological order |
Basic technological or propulsion system of the technological order |
Key types of new products in the social production of technological order |
Socio-economic pharmacy in the period of the existence of the technological order |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
|
|
"-1" technological order (structure) |
2000 BC – 9th century AD |
Horse-drawn (horse-drawn) traction |
Agricultural products, transport services |
Social-tribal system, slave-owning system |
|
|
"0" technological order |
9th century AD- 1770 |
Windmill (windmill) and water mill |
Flour and other processed agricultural products |
Slaveholding, feudalism |
|
|
The first technological order |
1770-1830 |
textile machinery |
Machine-made fabrics, manufactory products |
Feudalism, capitalism |
|
|
The second technological order (way of life) |
1830-1880 |
steam engine |
Metal products as a result of mechanical processing |
Feudalism, capitalism |
|
|
The third technological order |
1880-1930 |
electric motor |
Locomotives, airplanes, telephone, telegraph |
imperialism |
|
|
The fourth technological order |
1930-1970 |
internal combustion engine |
Cars, diesel locomotives, airplanes, washing machines, refrigerators,televisions |
imperialism |
|
|
The fifth technological order |
1970-2010 |
microelectronics |
Flexible automated manufacturing, cell phones, plastic bank cards |
globalism |
|
|
Sixth technological order |
2010-2040 |
nanotechnology |
3-D printing products, information products, transformation of human thinking (clip thinking) |
globalism |
Source: developed by the author
Appendix
No. 1. Table No. 1: Table
of elements of technological structures (continued, end)
№ п/п |
Type of
international monetary system |
The form of
the state, political syst |
Manufacturing
enterprises |
Key types
of public production technologies |
Structure
and characteristics of labor |
|
(1) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
|
|
Individual
products that act as an equivalent |
Communities,
community-generic |
Gender |
transport
and agricultural technologies |
simple
abstract work |
|
|
Gold as a
universal equivalent |
principalities |
Family,
clan, craftsman, |
Mechanized processing
technologies |
simple
abstract work |
|
|
Gold as a
universal equivalent |
Empires,
monarchies |
Manufactories, factories, |
Technologies
of mechanized textile production |
simple
abstract work |
|
|
Paris
currency system, full-fledged (gold) money |
Empires,
monarchies |
International
monopolies |
Mechanized
metalworking technologies |
simple
abstract work |
|
|
gold-currency
system, three international currency blocks, credit money |
National
States, the Republic of |
Multinational
corporations, |
Technologies
of electric welding of metals, mechanical processing |
special
knowledge and skills (competencies) |
|
|
gold-currency system, international Bretton
Woods monetary system, credit money |
States,
military-political blocs, bipolar world |
Multinational
corporations, |
Technology
of execution of works, machining equipment |
special
knowledge and skills (competencies) |
|
|
demonetization
of gold, the Jamaican monetary system, electronic and digital money |
States,
trade and economic blocs, Global
unipolar world |
Multinational
corporations, virtual corporations, |
Flexible
automated technologies, technologies for the production of trace elements and
printed circuit boards |
competencies,
intellectual capital |
|
|
international
cryptocurrency system, virtual, technological money |
States,
trade and economic blocks, virtual blocks of states, A global
multipolar world |
Clusters,
technology platforms, global information systems, |
Nanotechnologies,
nanotechnologies, information technologies, digitalization technologies,
resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies |
competencies,
intellectual capital |
Source: developed by the author
Appendix No.2. Table No. 2: Table of properties of technological structures (beginning)
№ п/п |
Properties of Technological orders /Names Technological orders |
Time period, Base technology, the propulsion system |
New types of production |
The most intensively developing segment of the economy, new types of business processes |
Types of technologies, scale of production |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
|
|
«-1» Technological order |
2000 BC- 9th century AD, horse- drawn traction |
Horse-drawn transport services |
Agriculture, Bill circulation, money changers |
Manual single and small-scale production |
|
|
«0» Technological order |
9th century-1770 , Windmill( windmill), a water mill |
Mechanized flour-milling production based on wind and water energy |
Agriculture, Promissory note circulation |
Manual single and small-scale production |
|
|
The first technological order (way of life) |
1770-1830, Textile Machinery |
Mechanized textile production |
Industrial production, Bank settlements and payments |
Machine serial production |
|
|
The second technological order |
1830-1880, Steam engine |
Mechanized mechanical processing and transport services based on the steam engine |
Industrial production, factoring |
Machine serial production |
|
|
The third technological orders (mode) |
1880-1930, Electric motor |
Mechanized mechanical processing and transport services based on an electric motor |
Industrial production, factoring |
Конвейрное крупносерийное производство |
|
|
The fourth technological order |
1930-1970, Internal combustion engine |
Automated production facilities and transport services based on the internal combustion engine |
Industrial production, leasing |
Mass automated production |
|
|
The fifth technological order |
1970-2010, microelectronics |
Automated production of trace elements and printed circuit boards, microprocessor devices |
Service sector, Franchising, forfeiting, online trading |
Flexible automated production facilities |
|
|
Sixth technological order |
2010-2040, nanotechnology |
Production of materials with specified properties, nanotechnological production, environmentally friendly production |
Service sector, Online settlements, online trading, cross-border settlements in cryptocurrencies |
Technologies for the production of materials with specified properties, the transformation of human thinking |
Source: developed by the author
Appendix
No.2. Table No. 2:
Properties of technological structures (Continued)
№ п/п |
Properties
of Technological orders /Names Technological
orders |
The time
period of the existence
of technological
orders |
Technologies,
methods and scale of production, labor |
Экономическая
политика, Виды
организационных
структур |
Концепции
управления,
работы с
персоналом |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
|
|
"-1"
technological order (structure) |
2000 BC- 9th century
AD, Horse
traction |
Technologies
of manual single and small-scale production, simple abstract work |
Informal
economic policy, traditional organizational structures |
Centralization,
organization, control, labor promotion, management as an art, unity of
command, human relations |
|
|
"0"
technological order (structure) |
9th
century-1770 , Windmill(
windmill), a water mill |
Technologies
of manual single and small-scale production, simple abstract work |
Informal
economic policy, Traditional organizational structures |
Formation
of requirements for the manager, the theory of power, the study of the impact
of automation |
|
|
The first
technological order (way of life) |
1770-1830, Textile
Machinery |
Mechanized
technologies of mass production, simple abstract work |
Informal
economic policy, Traditional organizational structures |
Economic
theory, financial theory, the principle of specialization of industrial
workers |
|
|
The second
technological order (way of life) |
1830-1880, Steam
engine |
Mechanized
technologies of machine-building mass production, simple abstract work |
Informal
economic policy, Traditional organizational structures |
The theory
of public services, the analysis of motivation of employees |
|
|
The third
technological order (mode) |
1880-1930, Electric
motor |
Technologies
of large-scale conveyor production, special management and labor skills |
Approved
economic and industrial policies, Functional organizational structures |
Scientific
management, methods of statistics in management, personnel work |
|
|
The fourth
technological order |
1930-1970, Internal
combustion engine |
Technologies
of automated large-scale production, job descriptions |
Approved
economic and industrial policy, strategic management, product organizational
structures |
Operational
research, system analysis, marketing, program-target approach, personnel
management, personnel motivation systems |
|
|
The fifth
technological order |
1970-2010, microelectronics |
Flexible
automated, production, competence cards and qualification cards |
Approved
innovation policy, matrix organizational structures, clusters, technology
platforms |
Project
approach, post-industrial marketing, participatory management, human resource
management |
|
|
Sixth
technological order |
2010-2040,
nanotechnology |
Nanotechnology,
nanotechnology, information technology, the study and transformation of the
properties of materials and human thinking |
Approved
innovation policy, Organizational architecture, design, culture |
Theory of
technological structures, project approach neuromanagement, neuromarketing,
management of social development of personnel, project education |
Source: developed by the author
Appendix
No. 2. Table No.2:
Table of properties of technological orders (structures) (End)
№ п/п |
Human rights, family relations |
Hierarchy in society, the elite of society |
Types of higher education institutions, |
the higher education model |
Organizational forms of science and innovation |
|
(1) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
|
1. |
Equality of members of the genus, family-genus |
A classless society, the elite is elected by the clan |
Teaching in the home |
Teaching in the home |
Research, innovation in the genus, family |
|
2. |
Slaves and slaveholders, serfs and landowners, monogamous family |
Class society, elite princes and the prince's retinue, nobles |
Teaching in the home |
Teaching in the home |
Research, innovation in the genus, family |
|
3. |
Property inequality of rights, monogamous family |
Class society, a hereditary elite of the feudal lords and capitalists |
Universities, vocational schools |
Subject higher education |
Science and innovation in universities, academies of sciences |
|
4. |
Property inequality of rights, monogamous family |
Class society, a hereditary elite of capitalists |
Universities, Technological institutes |
Subject higher education |
Science and innovation in technological institutes, academies of sciences |
|
5. |
Property inequality of rights, monogamous family |
Class society, elite-hereditary capitalists |
Universities, Technological institutes |
Subject higher education |
Наука и инновации в технологических институтах, научно-исследовательских институтах, академиях наук |
|
6. |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, equality of rights, monogamous family |
Class society, elite-hereditary capitalists |
Universities, Technological institutes |
Subject higher education Education, integration of science and education |
Research and production associations, experimental design bureaus |
|
7. |
equality of rights, monogamous family, «sexual revolution» |
Class society, elite-capitalists who made their own fortune, innovators, cultural figures |
Universities, educational platforms, globalization of education |
Competence-based higher education, distance "smart" education |
Research departments within global corporations |
|
8. |
equality of rights, civil partnerships |
Class society, elite-capitalists who made their own fortune, innovators, internetocracy (netocracy) |
Universities, university entry into clusters and technology platforms |
Project-based higher education, distance education, integration of science, practice and education |
Scientific and technological platforms, research laboratories |
Source: developed by the author
Appendix
No. 3. Table 3: Objectives
of animation of the key technologies of the sixth technological mode with the
technologies of the previous technological modes
№ п/п |
Technologies
of the sixth technological order /Names,
period Technological
order |
Nanotechnology |
of
nanotehnologii |
Information
technology |
Technologies
of digitalization |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
|
1. |
"-1"
technological order, 2000 BC- 9th century
AD, Horse- drawn
(horse-drawn) traction |
Strengthening
of cart materials, improving the quality of paint |
Registration
of the psychophysical state of the draft animal and the driver |
Informing
the driver about the condition of the draft animal |
Registration
and recording of the conditions of the draft animal and the driver |
|
2. |
"0"
technological order, 9th
century- 1770, Windmill(
windmill), a water mill |
Strengthening
the materials of windmills and mills, improving the quality of paint |
Registration
of the psychophysical state of mill workers |
Informing
mill workers about their operating modes, loads, etc. |
Registration
of information about the operating modes of a windmill, windmill, etc. |
|
3. |
The first
technological order, 1770-1830, Textile
Machinery |
Strengthening
of materials of fabrics and textile machines, improving the quality of paint |
Registration
of the psychophysical state of weavers, registration of buyers ' reactions to
various fabrics |
Optimization
of the loom operation process, selection of patterns and colors, informing
weavers about shift tasks and resources |
Recording
the operating modes of the loom, recording the consumption of fabric, paints,
and electricity in production |
|
4. |
The second
technological order, 1830-1880, Steam
engine |
Strengthening
the materials of steam engine parts, improving the quality of paint |
Registration
of the psychophysical state of the operator, registration of the reactions of
others to various modes of operation of the engine |
Optimization
of the steam engine operation process, informing the operator about the
safety of the operating mode, resource consumption |
Digital
recording of steam engine operating modes and operator control actions |
|
5. |
The Third
technological order, 1880-1930, Electric
motor |
Strengthening
the materials of electric motor parts, improving the quality of paint |
fixing the
psychophysical state of the operator, registering the reactions of others to
various modes of operation |
Optimization
of the electric motor operation process, informing the operator about the
safety of the operating mode, resource consumption |
Digital
recording operation modes of the electric motor and the control actions of
the operator |
|
6. |
Fourth
technological order, 1930-1970, Internal
combustion engine |
Strengthening
the materials of internal combustion engine parts, improving the quality of
paint |
Registration
of the psychophysical state of the engine operator, registration of the
reactions of others to various modes of operation |
Optimization
of the internal combustion engine operation process, informing the operator about
the safety of the operating mode, resource consumption |
Digital
recording of internal combustion engine operating modes and operator control
actions |
|
7. |
The fifth
technological order, 1970-2010, microelectronics |
The
creation of microelectronics with desired qualities |
Fixing the
psychophysical state of the production operator, the reactions of others to
the various modes of operation of the plant |
Optimization
of the production process of trace elements, informing the operator about the
safety of the operating mode, resource consumption |
The digital
recording of the modes of production of trace elements, control commands and
effects operator |
Source: developed by the author
Appendix No. 4. Table No. 4: Table of multiplication of technologies in the modification of vehicles (TS) during the transition to the sixth technological order
№ п/п |
Technologies of the sixth order /Names of vehicle subsystems |
nanotechnology |
of nanotehnologii |
Information technology |
Resource-saving technologies |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
|
|
Vehicle housing |
Increasing the strength of the body parts of the vehicle, increasing the wear resistance of the paint |
Registration of human reactions and identification of the most dangerous parts of the body |
Informing others about the approach of the vehicle body during maneuvers |
Selection of materials with the specified qualities for different parts of the vehicle body |
|
|
vehicle engine |
Increasing the strength and wear resistance of the engine parts of the vehicle, its anti-corrosion coating |
Registration of psychophysical reactions of the driver and others to various modes of vibration and noise during engine operation |
Identification of dangerous engine operating modes, informing the driver about it |
Optimization of vehicle engine operating modes based on the criterion of minimizing fuel consumption, in particular at start-up and at idle |
|
|
Undercarriage of the vehicle |
Increment of the strength and wear resistance of the undercarriage parts of the vehicle |
Recording the reactions of the driver's body to noise while driving |
Informing about the defects in the tires of vehicles with damaged wheels |
Adjusting the pressure in the wheels of a vehicle based on the criterion of minimizing fuel consumption when driving on various types of roads |
|
|
Cabin means of transport |
Improving the strength and wear resistance of the materials of the cab of the vehicle |
Registration of temperature conditions in the cab and their impact on the driver's condition |
Informing the driver about non-calculated temperature conditions in the cab |
Optimization of temperature conditions in the cab of the vehicle based on comfortable conditions for the driver |
|
|
The subsystem of washing the windows of the cab of the vehicle |
The increase in wear resistance and strength of the parts of this subsystem of the vehicle |
Registration of the influence of glass pollution on the quality and safety of the driver's work |
Voice and other information about the need to clean the windows, tips in emergency situations |
Minimization of the washing liquid consumption provided that the windows of the vehicle cab are sufficiently clean |
|
|
electrical equipment means of transport |
Increase of specific characteristics of accumulators, increase of durability and wear resistance of elements of electric equipment of means of transport |
Warning of dangerous and illogical behavior of the driver in emergency situations in the electrical equipment system means of transport |
Voice prompts, information and indication of emergency situations in the electrical equipment subsystem means of transport |
Ensure resource savings by optimizing operating modes to maximize the service life of batteries and other electrical equipment elements |
|
|
Fuel system means of transport |
Ensuring the growth of specific characteristics of fuel, increasing the wear resistance, strength of fuel system parts |
Warning of illogical or dangerous behavior of the driver in case of emergency situations in the fuel system |
Voice notification of the driver and indication of emergency situations in the fuel system |
Achieving resource savings by optimizing the use modes and maximizing the service life of fuel system elements |
Source: developed by the author
SOURCES OF FUNDING
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The author have declared that no competing interests exist.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
None.
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