CRITICAL REVIEW OF BHAVPRAKASH NIGHANTU WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PHARMACOVIGILANCE PERSPECTIVE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN THERAPEUTICS

Critical review of Bhavprakash Nighantu with special reference to Pharmacovigilance perspective of medicinal plants and its practical application in therapeutics

Jaynam Prajapati ¹, Dr. Janki Lukhi ², Dr. Vidhi Bapana ³

¹Student 4th Year, J.S. Ayurveda Mahavidhyalaya, Nadiad, Gujarat, India

² Assistant Professor, PG Department of Dravyaguna, JS Ayurveda Mahavidhyalaya, Nadiad, Gujarat, India

³Professor and Head of the PG Department of Dravyaguna, JS Ayurvedic Mahavidyalaya, Nadiad, Gujarat, India

		ABSTRACT
		Introduction: Ayurveda is ancient literature for protecting the health of healthy individual and curing the diseased one. With this aim in World-wide Ayurveda has increased in their practice in form of diets, medicine and routines. As increasing use in western countries, it leads to concern of regarding safety of use. There are various publications which raise concern about the safety of Ayurveda medicines. Today Ayurveda is gathering globally attention with regards to therapeutic option to treat various acute, chronic and non-infectious diseases. Though Ayurveda is practiced for centuries, there is a few of systematic documentation regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurrence after administration of Aushadha and safety of Aushadha (Ayurvedic medicine). For safety and efficacy of Aushadha, systematic documentation related to ADR’s mentioned in different Samhitas. With respect to Bhavpraksha Nighantu mentioned various ADRs with drugs as mention of Aushadha is given amazing. Materials and Methods: Bhavprakasha Nighantu was studied critically to look for description of ADRs in medicinal plants (poisonous drugs were excluded) This ADRs were analysed and presented systemically. Result and Discussion: ADRs aims to achieve qualitative use of drugs and to achieve safety and therapeutic uses to treat with caution. The drugs selected from classics name Bhavprakash Nighantu and their adverse effect with respect to administration of drugs and complication. Use of drugs with safety and prevent ADRs in Ayurvedic medicines Conclusion: For Understanding the safety of use of Ayurvedic medicine is need in today era with the help of Pharmacovigilance study.
Received 29 July 2023 Accepted 07 January 2024 Published 16 January 2024 Corresponding Author Jaynam Prajapati, aaryabheshaja@gmail.com DOI 10.29121/jahim.v4.i1.2024.32 Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. With the license CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
		Keywords: ADRs, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Pharmacovigilance

1. INTRODUCTION

India is known to be rich treasure of knowledge of different subjects from which Indigenous medicine is mentioned in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, a wide range of therapeutic approaches is been observed such as use of herbs, minerals, various detoxifying regimes, dietary, and their combinations with various Aushadha (medicine) and Non-medicinal modalities. A lot about Aushadha has been mentioned and effectiveness of one Aushadha with a wide spectrum of therapeutics but concerns of safety and efficacy of Aushadha which is always been ignored. There is evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of Aushadha in literature as well though Ayurveda has been practice for hundreds of years the ADR’s reported are rare. As Ayurveda is accepted and with increasing uses of Ayurvedic Aushadha globally, there is a raise of concerned about the safety and awareness within the Ayurvedic practitioners and people about safety uses of Ayurvedic medicine. For safety and efficacy of Aushadha systematic documentation related to ADR’s mentioned in samhitas and occurrence of ADR’s to Ayurvedic Aushadha to patients is needed as very few documentations is presented. To address these issues Ayurveda classics also have mentioned the probable ADRs which may occur in some patients. So, Ayurveda has its own Pharmacovigilance outlook, which needs to be explored, highlighted and presented to the community to improve the health care of the patient with safety which is the ultimate goal of Pharmacovigilance. This article is for documentation of ADR’s mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu by Acharya Bhavmishra which is practically and widely accepted Nighantu in field of Dravyaguna vigyan. Ayurveda is distinct in its treatment approach, covering both preventive & curative aspects and in same way Acharyas has mention many drugs and their uses in diseases and there basic formation of rasa, guna, virya, vipaka, karma and Prabhava. Especially with the reference of Bhavpraksha Nighantu, he has mention many different drugs i.e. herbal medicine in Aushadh varga and with its uses he also mentioned the ADRs which are neglected due to they are paucity presented.

2. Material And method

This mentioned topic is specifically concentrated on Bhavapraksha Nighantu which was written by Bhavapraksha. To know the dravya and their insights the dictionary which explains in chronologically is Nighantu and Bhavapraksha’s Nightanu is said to be best for Dravya and its guna. For the purpose of knowing Aushadh varga and their ADRs (adverse drug reaction) Bhavapraksha Nighantu was book of choice to collect data regarding ADRs. In the Table 1 below some of the drugs excluding the poisonous drugs like Snuhi, Ahiphena, Bhanga, etc presented with their ADRs mentioned in Bhavapraksha Nighantu

Table 1

Table 1 List of Drugs in Bhavapraksha Nighantu with their ADRs
S. No.	*Dravya*	Scientific name	Family	*Part*	ADR
1	Nimba Pandey, & Chunekar (2010)	Azadirachta indica A. Juss.	Meliaceae	Patra	Ahridya
2	Vanshayava Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd	Poaceae	Beej	Baddha mutra
3	Apamarg Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Achyranthes aspera L.	Amaranthaceae	Mool	Vishtambhi
4	Tambulpatra Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Piper betle L.	Piperaceae	Patra	Raktakrut
5.	Erand Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Ricinus communis L.	Euphorbiaceae	Beej	Raktaprakopan
6.	Shobhanjana Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Moringa oleifera Lam.	Moringaceae	Mool	Vidahkrut, Raktakara
7.	Bhustruna Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)	Poaceae	Truna	Avrushya, Vidahi, anetrya
8.	Lashuna Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Allium sativum L.	Liliaceae	Kand	Astravruddhi
9.	Haritaki Pandey & Chunekar, (2010)	Terminalia chebula Retz.	Combretaceae	Phala	Contraindicated in Adhwatikhinno, Balavarjita, Krusha, Pittadhiko, Ga rbhini, Vimuktarakta
10.	Bibhitak Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.	Combretaceae	Phala	Madakrut
11.	ParsikYavani Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Hyoscyamus niger L.	Solanaceae	Beeja	Madini
12.	Jyotishamati Pandey & Chunekar (2010)	Celastrus paniculatus Willd.	Celastraceae	Panch ag	Vamini
13.	Vacha Pandey& Chunekar (2010)	Acorus calamus L.	Acoraceae	Mool	Vantikruta

3. Discussion

Ayurveda has its own concepts and recommendations for rational use of drugs where in many aspects like prakriti, agni, satva, etc. of patient needs consideration but majorly people believe that Ayurvedic Aushadha have no side effects but the above table shows Side effect of Aushadha if not taken in proper way. Bhavaprakash Nighantu also warns us about the contraindications of drugs like in Haritaki, it is clearly mentioned that in which conditions it should not be used, same way the drugs in which vamikrut effect is mentioned, they should be used with caution in patients prone to vomiting or some chardinigrahan dravya can be added to their prescription in advance. Similarly, drugs for which Bhavapraksha mentioned Avrushya effect should not be used in patients of infertility or couples planning for family. The drugs mentioned as vidahi, Raktakrut, rakhta-prakropa should not used in the patients of Rakhta-pitta and disorders related to Rakhta Acharya has also mentioned to take care right from the collection of the drugs to the final preparation and preservation of the medicine, precaution in each step should be taken.

4. Conclusion

There is need of Pharmacovigilance in Ayurveda as all other medical systems. With the knowledge of Samhita and Ayurveda texts one can use drugs safely. Bhavprakash Nighantu which is the most popular lexicon of Ayurveda can serve as a guide for Ayuveda physicians for rational use of drugs.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

None.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

None.

REFERENCES

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Pandey, G.S., & Chunekar, K.C. (2010). Bhavmishra, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Chapter-3 Guduchiyadi Varga, Verses No. 155-156, 362.

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