THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES: CASE STUDY OF SME'S IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE,  INDONESIA)

Nanik Kustiningsih; Sundjoto; M. Andri Radiany; Dika Prayogi

doi:10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i12.2021.1069

Authors

Nanik Kustiningsih Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Mahardhika, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-9256
Sundjoto Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Mahardhika, Surabaya, Indonesia
M. Andri Radiany Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Mahardhika, Surabaya, Indonesia
Dika Prayogi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Mahardhika, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i12.2021.1069

Keywords:

Msmes, Strategic Alliances, Human Resources

Abstract

This researchh has a purpose to observe strategic of alliances’s effect which were consist of efficiency, on the growth of human resources, knowledge or learning, and market motives. In this study the researcher used a quantitative approach, the data used were primary data and the data collection technique carried out by the researcher was using a questionnaire instrument.

The results of this study showed that knowledge as a reason for forging strategic partnerships has a positive effect on human resources (HR) development in the MSME sector. Meanwhile, as a motivator for forging strategic alliances, the market does not affect the development of human resources (HR) and efficiency.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adler, P.S., Kwon, S.-W., (2002). Social capital : Prospects for a new concept. Acad. Manag. Rev. 27, 17-40. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.5922314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.5922314

Alegre, J., Lapiedra, R. and Chiva, R. (2006), "A measurement scale for product innovation performance", European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 333-346. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060610707812 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060610707812

Argote, L. and Ingram, P. (2000), "Knowledge transfer: a basis for a competitive advantage in firms",. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2893

Arikunto, Suharsimi.(2010). Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktik. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 82 No. 1, pp. 150-169.

Baker, W., Grinstein, A. and Harmancioglu, N. (2016), "Whose innovation performance benefits more from external networks: entrepreneurial or conservative firms?", Journal of Production Innovation Management, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 104-120. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12263

Barney, J. (1991), "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage", Journal of Management, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 99-120. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108

Bengtsson, M. and Kock, S. (2000), "Coopetition' in business networks - to cooperate and compete simultaneously", Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 411-426. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00067-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00067-X

Bhattacharyya, S. (2018), "A holistic perspective on strategic alliances for Indian managers", Journal of Services Research, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 25-45.

Bontis, N. (1998), "Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models", Management Decision, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 63-76. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810204142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810204142

Bontis, N. (1999), "Managing organisational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: framing and advancing the state of the field", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 433-462. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.1999.002780 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.1999.002780

Bontis, N., (2001). Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: framing and advancing the state of the field. Knowl. Manag. Bus. Model Innov. 267-297. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-98-8.ch016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-98-8.ch016

Bouty, I. (2000), "Interpersonal and interaction influences on informal resource exchanges between R&D researchers across organizational boundaries", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 50-65. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/1556385 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/1556385

Cabrita, M. and Bontis, N. (2008), "Intellectual capital and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 43 Nos 1-3, pp. 212-237. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2008.019416 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2008.019416

Caldas, P.T. and Candido, G.A. (2013), "Inter-organizational knowledge conversion and innovative capacity in cooperative networks", Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 104-114. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242013000300009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242013000300009

Casas Novas, J. (2008), "A contabilidade de gestão e o capital intelectual elementos integradores e contributos para uma gestão estratégica das organizações", unpublished PhD thesis, University of Évora, Évora, pp. 203-259.

Cerchione, R., Esposito, E., (2017). Using knowledge management systems: A taxonomy of SME strategies. Int. J. Inf. Manage. 37, 1551-1562. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.007

Chang, S., Chen, S. and Lai, J. (2008), "The effect of alliance experience and intellectual capital on the value creation of international strategic alliances", Omega, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 298-316. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2006.06.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2006.06.010

Chaston, I. and Mangles, T. (2000), "Business networks: assisting knowledge management and competence acquisition within UK manufacturing firms", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 160-170. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006837

Choo, C.W. and Alvarenga Neto, R.C.D. (2010), "Beyond the Ba: managing enabling contexts in knowledge organizations", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 592-610. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271011059545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271011059545

Connell, J., Kriz, A. and Thorpe, M. (2014), "Industry clusters: an antidote for knowledge sharing and collaborative innovation?", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 137-151. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2013-0312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2013-0312

Dean, A., Kretschmer, M., (2007). Can ideas be capital? Factors of production in the postindustrial economy: A review and critique. Acad. Manag. Rev. 32, 573-594. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.24351866 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.24351866

Dumay, J. and Garanina, T. (2013), "Intellectual capital research: a critical examination of the third stage", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 10-25. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311288995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311288995

Durst, S. and Edvardsson, I. (2012), "Knowledge management in SMEs: a literature review", Journal of Knowledge Management,INKPEN Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 879-903. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271211276173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271211276173

Durst, S. and Ferenhof, H.A. (2014), "Knowledge leakages and ways to reduce them in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)", Information, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 440-450. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/info5030440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/info5030440

Edvinsson, L. and Malone, M.S. (1997), Intellectual Capital, Piatkus, London.

Faggion, G.A., Balestrin, A., Weyh, C., (2002). Geração de conhecimento e inteligência estratégica no universo das redes interorganizacionais. Rev. Inteligência Empres. 12, 57-65.

Ferenhof, H.A., Durst, S., Bialecki, M.Z. and Selig, P.M. (2015), "Intellectual capital dimensions : state of the art in 2014", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 16 No. 1, p. 58-100. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-02-2014-0021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-02-2014-0021

González-Loureiro, M. and Dorrego, P.F. (2012), "Intellectual capital and system of innovation: what really matters at innovative SMEs", Intangible Capital, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 239-274. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.273 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.273

Grant, R. and Baden-Fuller, C. (1995), "A knowledge-based theory of inter-firm collaboration", Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 17-21. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1995.17536229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1995.17536229

Grant, R.M. (1996), "Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 109-122. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110

He, Q., Ghobadian, A. and Gallear, D. (2013), "Knowledge acquisition in supply chain partnerships: the role of power", International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 141 No. 2, pp. 605-618. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.09.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.09.019

Henry, L. (2013), "Intellectual capital in a recession: evidence from UK SMEs", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 84-101. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311289039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311289039

Holanda, L.M.C., Guedes, I.A., Vasconcelos, A.C.F. and Cândido, G.A. (2006), "As redes de cooperação como mecanismo para o aprimoramento dos processos de criação do conhecimento: um estudo exploratório no setor calçadista", Revista Gestão Industrial, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 19-33. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3895/S1808-04482006000300005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3895/S1808-04482006000300005

Holmen, E., Pedersen, A.-C. and Torvatn, T. (2005), "Building relationships for technological innovation", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58 No. 9, pp. 1240-1250. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.010

Hsu, Y.-H., Fang, W., (2009). Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 76, 664-677. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.03.012

Hung, S., Hung, S. and Lin, M. (2015), "Are alliances a panacea for SMEs? The achievement of competitive priorities and firm performance", Total Quality Management of Business Excellence, Vol. 26 Nos 1-2, pp. 190-202. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2014.927133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2014.927133

Inkpen, A.C. and Dinur, A. (1998), "Knowledge management processes and international joint ventures", Organization Science, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 454-468. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.4.454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.4.454

Inkpen, A.C. and Tsang, E.W. (2005), "Social capital networks and knowledge transfer", The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 146-165. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.15281445 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.15281445

Jardon, C.M. and Martos, M.S. (2012), "Intellectual capital as a competitive advantage in emerging clusters in Latin America", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 462-481. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931211276098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931211276098

Jinyeong, K. (2018), "Research on trust in strategic alliances", Journal of Marketing Thought, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 40-45.

Joia, L.A. and Malheiros, R. (2010), "Evidências empíricas da influência de alianças estratégicas no capital intelectual de empresas", Revista de Administração e Contabilidade de Unisinos, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 62-177. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4013/base.2010.72.07

Joia, L.A., Malheiros, R., (2010). Evidências empíricas da influência de alianças estratégicas no capital intelectual de empresas. Rev. Base (Administração e Contab. da UNISINOS 7, 162-177. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4013/base.2010.72.07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/base.2010.72.07

Kale, P., Singh, H. and Perlmutter, H. (2000), "Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances: building relational capital", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 217-237. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<217::AID-SMJ95>3.0.CO;2-Y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<217::AID-SMJ95>3.0.CO;2-Y

Kang, S., Snell, S.A., (2009). Intellectual capital architectures and ambidextrous learning: a framework for human resource management. J. Manag. Stud. 46, 65-92. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00776.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00776.x

Khalique, M., Bontis, N., Bin Shaari, J.A.N., Isa, A.H.M., (2015). Intellectual capital in small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. J. Intellect. Cap. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2014-0014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2014-0014

Kipley, D. and Lewis, A. (2009), "The scalability of H. Igor Ansoff's strategic management principles for small and medium sized firms", International Journal of Global Business and Economics, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 77-94.

Komodromos, M., Halkias, D. and Harkiolakis, N. (2019), "Managers' perceptions of trust in the workplace in times of strategic change", EuroMed Journal of Business, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 2-20. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-03-2018-0018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-03-2018-0018

Korbi, F.B. and Chouki, M. (2017), "Knowledge transfer in international asymmetric alliances: the key role of translation, artifacts, and proximity", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 21 No. 5, pp. 1272-1291. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2016-0501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2016-0501

Kustiningsih, N., & Tjahjadi, B. (2020). Mediating effect of business process performance on innovation strategy-cost performance relationship: case study of manufacturing industry in East Java Province, Indonesia. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 21(3), 346-362. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBPM.2020.108324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBPM.2020.108324

Li, L., Qian, G. and Qian, Z. (2013), "Do partners in international strategic alliances share resources, costs, and risks?", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 66 No. 2, pp. 489-498. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.12.001

Li, L., Jiang, F., Pei, Y. and Jiang, N. (2017), "Entrepreneurial orientation and strategic alliance success: the contingency role of relational factors", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 72 No. 1, pp. 46-56. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.11.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.11.011

Lin, Y. and Wu, L.Y. (2014), "Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 67 No. 3, pp. 407-413. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.12.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.12.019

Martín-de-Castro, G., Delgado-Verde, M., López-Sáez, P. and Navas-López, J.E. (2011), "Towards 'an intellectual capital-based view of the firm': origins and nature", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 98 No. 4, pp. 649-662. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0644-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0644-5

Martinkenaite, I. (2011), "Antecedents and consequences of inter-organizational knowledge transfer: emerging themes and openings for further research", Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 53-70. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261111100888 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261111100888

Martins, B. and Sole, F. (2013), "Roles-purpose-and-culture misalignments: a setback to bottom-up SME clusters", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 598-616. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2013-0122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2013-0122

Mason, C., Castleman, T. and Parker, C. (2008), "Communities of enterprise: developing regional SMEs in the knowledge economy", Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 21 No. 6, pp. 571-584. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390810911186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390810911186

Matos, F. (2013), "Intellectual capital management: from theoretical model to a practice model", Proceedings of the 5rd European Conference on Intellectual Capital, Bilbao, Vol. 1 No. 1112, pp. 279-289.

Mehralian, G., Rasekh, H.R., Akhavan, P. and Sadeh, M.R. (2012), "The impact of intellectual capital efficiency on market value: an empirical study from Iranian pharmaceutical companies", Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 195-207

Mention, A., Bontis, N., (2013). Intellectual capital and performance within the banking sector of Luxembourg and Belgium. J. Intellect. Cap. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311323896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311323896

Mertins, K. and Orth, R. (2011), "Integrating intellectual capital and sustainability management: perspectives for the internal management and external reporting in small and medium sized enterprises", Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Intellectual Capital, University of Nicosia, Nicosia.

Mohr, A. and Puck, J. (2013), "Revisiting the trust-performance link in strategic alliances", Management International Review, Vol. 53 No. 2, pp. 269-289. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-012-0145-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-012-0145-0

Morcillo-Bellido, J., (2019). Strategic Alliance Trends in the Spanish Food and Beverage Industry. IUP J. Supply Chain Manag. 16.

Muhammad, Y., Abdul, M., Iftikhar, A. and Naila, T. (2011), "Structuring intellectual capital as an element of virtual organization in the SME Clusters", 3rd International Conference on Advanced Management Science, IPEDR, Vol. 19, IACSIT Press, Singapore, February 8-9.

Mukherjee, D., Gaur, A., Gaur, S. and Schmid, F. (2013), "External and internal influences on R&D alliance formation: evidence from German SMEs", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 66 No. 11, pp. 2178-2185. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.01.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.01.009

Nonaka, I., Byosiere, P., Borucki, C.C., Konno, N., (1994). Organizational knowledge creation theory: a first comprehensive test. Int. Bus. Rev. 3, 337-351. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-5931(94)90027-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-5931(94)90027-2

Pett, T. and Wolff, J. (2007), "SME performance : a case for internal consistency", Journal of Small Business Strategy, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 1-16.

Romiti, A. and Sarti, D. (2011), "Governance of networks of small enterprises: a knowledge perspective - some case studies in the mechanical industry in Italy", Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Intellectual Capital, University of Nicosia, Nicosia.

Rossoni, C.F. (2010), "Balanced Scorecard mediado pela gestão do conhecimento: modelo de uso para micro e pequenas empresas", Revista da Micro e Pequena Empresa, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 20-35.

Sanches, J. and Moisés, A. (2019), "The adoption of cooperative strategies by micro and small consulting firms as a mechanism of competitive advantage", Brazilian Journal of Management, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 198-214.

Sefiani, Y., Davies, B., Bown, R. and Kite, N. (2018), "Performance of SMEs in Tangier: the interface of networking and wasta", EuroMed Journal of Business, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 20-43. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-06-2016-0016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-06-2016-0016

Sharma, S., Vashisth, K. and Sharma, T. (2014), "Management of operational efficiency: can Indian SMEs afford seeing it", Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 16 No. 8, pp. 100-105. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1682100105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1682100105

Subramaniam, A., Wang, B. and Chai, K. (2018), "The role of knowledge base homogeneity in learning from strategic alliances", Research Policy, Vol. 47 No. 1, pp. 158-168. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.10.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.10.005

Subramaniam, M. and Youndt, M.A. (2005), "The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48, pp. 450-504. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407911 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407911

Subramanian, R. (2017), "Competing through strategic networks : the ebbs and flows of dynamic system", International Journal of Business, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 305-318.

Sugiyono. (2007). Metode penelitian kuantitatif,kualitatif dan R&D. Penerbit Alfabeta, Bandung.

Teece, D. (1992), "Competition, cooperation, and innovation : organizational arrangements for regimes of rapid technological progress", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 1-25. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(92)90050-L DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(92)90050-L

Tjahjadi, B., Soewarno, N., Hariyati, H., Nafidah, L. N., Kustiningsih, N., & Nadyaningrum, V. (2020). The Role of Green Innovation between Green Market Orientation and Business Performance : Its Implication for Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation : Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 173. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040173

Valentim, L. (2017), "Impacto da Capacidade de Absorção no Desempenho da Cooperação das Pequenas e Médias Empresas Portuguesas", unpublished PhD thesis, University of Coimbra, Coimbra.

Valkokari, K. and Helander, N. (2007), "Knowledge management in different types of strategic SME networks", Management Research News, Vol. 30 No. 8, pp. 597-608. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170710773724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170710773724

Verbano, C. and Crema, M. (2016), "Linking technology innovation strategy, intellectual capital and technology innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 524-540. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2015.1117066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2015.1117066

Widiyanto, Joko (2010). SPSS for windows untuk analisis data statistic dan penelitian. Surakarta : BP-FKIM UMS.

Williamson, O.E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies Analysis and Antitrust Implication, The Free Press, New York, NY

Williamson, O.E. (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, The Free Press, New York, NY.

Yuliana, I., Arista, A., & Kustiningsih, N. (2020). STRATEGI INOVASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PROFIT DIMASA PANDEMI PADA UMKM OUR MASK. Journal of Accounting and Financial Issue (JAFIS), 61-66.

Hardiky, M. I., Nova, D. K., Rahmadewi, A., & Kustiningsih, N. (2021). OPTIMALISASI DIGITAL PAYMENT SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBAYARAN UMKM ROTI KASUR. Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 44-48. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.30587/jre.v4i1.2193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30587/jre.v4i1.2193

Tjahjadi, B., Soewarno, N., Hariyati, H., Nafidah, L. N., Kustiningsih, N., & Nadyaningrum, V. (2020). The Role of Green Innovation between Green Market Orientation and Business Performance : Its Implication for Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation : Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 1. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040173

Wardhana, A.K., (2021). THE IMPACT OF THE PRO AND CONS POLICIES IN JOKOWI ERA'S ON THE MACRO ECONOMY OF SOCIETY. J. Ekon. Dan Bisnis Airlangga 31, 124-136. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20473/jeba.V31I22021.124-136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jeba.V31I22021.124-136

Wardhana, A.K., (2020a). Information search trends about sharia : a comparation study between business-industry genre with book-literature genre. J. Halal Prod. Res. 3, 35-42. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.3-issue.1.35-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.3-issue.1.35-42

Wardhana, A.K., (2020b). Should be halal ? is there any correlation between halal and vaccine ? bibliography study in SCOPUS indexed academic paper. J. Halal Prod. Res. 3, 80-87. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.3-issue.2.80-87 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.3-issue.2.80-87