The Effect Of Blood Clam Shell Powder Addition On Shear Strength Value Of Clay Soil Noto Royan 1, R.A. Sri Martini 2, Mira Setiawati 3 , Revi Yulianti 4 1 Civil
Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah
Palembang, Indonesia
1. INTRODUCTION High bearing capacity subgrade is a highly expected factor in structural planning because the structure strength will be directly affected by its ability to receive and transmit the load from the structure above it. In this study, soil stabilization was carried out using the chemical stabilization method with additional materials used for stabilization, namely blood clam shell powder (Anadaragranosa) and coal ash. Previous study carried out by Aziudin (2019) utilized blood clam shells with addition of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the weight of the expansive clay which was then applied to shallow foundations. The unconfined compression test showed that the addition of 25% blood clam shell powder increased the value of the free compressive strength (qu) to the maximum point of 3,434 kg/cm2. The research topic was soil stabilization test with blood clam shells adding 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the soil weight and 4% coal ash which was then stored for 24 hours to achieve evenly distributed moisture content. Followed by the Triaxial Act (Unconsolidated Undrained) test American Society For Testing and Materials. (1999). Optimizing the utilization of shells and coal ash are expected to reduce waste and provide added value. This study aimed to perceive the effect of adding blood clam shell powder and coal ash to increase clay soil stability in terms of the Triaxial UU (Unconsolidated Undrained) test American Society for Testing and Materials. (2010c), and determine the best percentage of blood clam shell and coal ash as a stabilizer either to increase clay soil stability to get the highest soil shear strength value or to achieve the optimum stability value of clay. 2. Methodology 2.1. Preparation 1) Soil
Sampling The clay samples used were taken from Tanjung Aur III Housing Area on Tanjung Barangan Street, Bukit Baru Village, Ilir Barat I District, Palembang City, South Sumatra. The grain size of the soil was 4.75mm (passed sieve No.4). 2) Blood
Clam Shell Sampling Blood clam shells (Anadaragranosa) were the waste of the PecelLele& Seafood Apollo restaurant on Jenderal Basuki Rachmat Street, Pahlawan, Kemuning District, Palembang City, South Sumatra. 3) Coal
Ash Sampling Coal ash was obtained from a brick kiln in Celikah Village, Raya Simpang Kijang Street, KijangUlu, KayuAgung District, Ogan KomeringIlir Regency, South Sumatra. 2.2. Test Items Production 1) The clay samples used as a test object were dried under the sun. The tests carried out were: · Soil physical properties assessment include soil moisture content, Atterberg limits of plastic limit and liquid limit, and Specific gravity evaluation. · Soil mechanical properties assessment include Triaxial UU (Unconsolidated Undrained) test. 2) The cleaned blood clam shells were roasted for approximately 1 hour, then pounded with a pounder to produce powder and sieved using a No. sieve. 40 (0.425 mm). 3) Coal ash taken from the brick kiln was sieved using a No. sieve. 200 (0.075 mm). 4) Soil passed filter No. 4 was mixed with powdered shells, coal ash and distilled moisture. 5) Mixed test object was put into a plastic bag and then stored for 24 hours to achieve evenly distributed moisture content. 6) The
amount of blood clam shell and coal ash was obtained from substituting the
total amount of clay required for the Triaxial UU experiment according to the
percentage of blood clam shell added and planned. Table 1 Table 1
2.3. Soil Properties Index Assessment. American Society for Testing and Materials, (2010d) · Moisture content test (ASTM D2216: 2010). · Filter analysis test (ASTM D6913-04: 2009). · Atterberg limit test, Liquid limit (LL) (ASTM D4318-08: 2010). · Specific gravity (Gs) test (ASTM D854-10: 2010). 2.4. Soil Mechanical Properties Assessment · American Society for Testing and Materials, (2010d) · Soil compaction test (Standard proctor) (ASTM D698-12:2010) · Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Testing (ASTM D2850-95: 1999) 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Assessment of Physical Properties (Index Properties) and Mechanical Properties of Soil (Mechanical Properties) Evaluation of soil index properties was carried out to
identify the soil. Soil index properties obtained were soil parameter values
including moisture content, sieve analysis, Atterberg limits (liquid limit and
plastic limit), and specific gravity. Mechanical properties of the clay soil
were evaluated using soil compaction test (standard proctor) and Triaxial UU
(Unconsolidated Undrained) American Society for Testing and
Materials. (2010d). Table 2 Table 2
3.2. Results of Mixed Soil Assessment 1)
The
Effect of Mixed Soil on the Value of Moisture Content The average moisture content of clay soil was 41.67%. Meanwhile, moisture content of mixed soil with the addition of 10% - 30% shell powder and 4% coal ash and stored for 24 hours afterward tended to decrease. A significant decrease in moisture content occurred at the addition of 25% shell powder, while the addition of 30% shell powder increased moisture content. Table 3, Figure 1.
Figure 1
2)
The
Effect of Mixed Soil on the Liquid Limit Value The addition of blood clam shell powder and 4% ash decreased liquid limit value. A significant decrease in the liquid limit value occurred with the addition of 20% blood clam shell powder. Meanwhile, at the addition of 25% and 30% blood clam shell powder, the liquid limit value constantly increased. Table 4, Figure 2
Figure 2
3)
The
Effect of Mixed Soil on the Plastic Limit Value The addition of blood clam shell powder and 4% coal ash increased plastic limit value. The plastic limit value increased significantly at the addition of 20% shell powder. Table 5, Figure 3. Table 5
Figure 3
4) The
Effect of Mixed Soil on the Plasticity Index (IP) Table 6
Figure 4
5) Effect of Mixed Soil on Specific Gravity
Figure 5
The addition of blood clam shell powder and 4% coal ash constantly decreased specific gravity values. The addition of 30% blood clam shell powder did not significantly increase the specific gravity. 6)
Effect
of Mixed Soil on Cohesion Value (c)
and Angle of Internal Friction (ϕ) Table 8
Figure 6
The addition of blood clam shell powder and 4% coal ash increased cohesion value. Increased value occurred relatively constant following the amount of blood clam shell powder and coal ash added. The highest cohesion value was obtained by the addition of 25% blood clam shell powder of 35.70 kPa. Meanwhile, the addition of 30% blood clam shell powder decreased cohesion value. Figure 7 Figure 7
The addition of blood clam shells significantly increased the angle of internal friction. It can be seen that the clay soil angle of internal friction value was 18.91°, while highest angle of internal friction of 25.52° was obtained by adding 25% blood clam shell powder. The shear strength of clay can be calculated using the
Coulomb equation Hardiyatmo (1992). Figure
8
The clay sample at the sampling sites was taken at a depth of 1.1 meters from the soil surface, for the depth Z used in this shear strength calculation, the depth of soil extraction was added to half of the tube height. Table 9, Figure 9.
Figure 9
4. Conclusion 1)
Triaxial UU test obtained the cohesion value (c)
of 25.716 kPa and the shear angle (ϕ) of 18.91º from clay soil without the
addition of blood clam shell powder and coal ash. The addition of 25% blood
clam shell powder increased the cohesion value and the shear angle to maximum
points of 35.70 kPa and 25.52º, respectively. 2) The highest shear strength of 35,724 kPa was obtained by the addition of 25% blood clam shell powder.
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