SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STATUS OF WOMEN OF BHIL TRIBE: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
भील जनजाति की महिलाओं की सामाजिक-आर्थिक और राजनीतिक स्थितिः एक सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2.2023.3310Keywords:
Adivasi Tribes, Travel Safety, Sentinels on The Windows of Forts, Jaglya, Bhil Jagirs, Kathi Institution, Stone Products, Langot, Cultural Rituals, Jagirdar, ChiptanAbstract [English]
The Satpura mountain range is located on the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, it stands like an invincible natural wall. The mountain range is famous for its inaccessible geographical structure and dense forests. Various tribes reside in Satpura, famous as 'Seven Mountains'. Tribes like Bhil, Pawra, Kokani, Mawachi, Gavit, Nayakda, Rathwa, Nahal, Barela, Tadvi, Dhanka, Pardhi, Thakur and Patel live here. Various sub-castes of these tribes also reside here in large numbers. These tribes are settled in the forests of Maharashtra as well as Madhya Pradesh on the northern border of the Satpura Mountains. The name 'Satpura' means 'seven mountains' and this mountain range is surrounded by dense forests, where the Bhil tribe lives, which is considered to be the largest tribe here. Two major western rivers, Tapi and Narmada flow within the Satpura mountain range. This region is not only a natural division, but the tribes here are also famous for their cultural customs, traditional craftsmanship, and social structures. These include the institution of Kathi and the system of Jagirdars, which has been a symbol of power and control among the communities. The life of these tribes is steeped in traditions, such as the manufacture of stone products, wearing loincloths, and participating in cultural rituals. These tribes have historically played the role of sentinels at the 'windows' of forts, which played an important role in the security and administration of the region. The rivers flowing in the forests of Satpura like Tapi and Narmada are an integral part of the lives of these tribes. These rivers and forests keep the soil fertile and provide the tribal communities with the resources they need for their livelihood. The biological diversity and cultural heritage of Satpura makes it not only a natural heritage but also a tourist attraction. The tribes here have preserved their traditional lifestyle and cultural heritage, which provides a unique experience to the tourists. The conservation of the Satpura mountain range and the protection of its inhabitants is important for future generations.
Abstract [Hindi]
सतपुड़ा पर्वत श्रृंखला महाराष्ट्र और मध्य प्रदेश की सीमा पर स्थित है, यह एक अजेय प्राकृतिक दीवार की तरह खड़ी है। पर्वत श्रृंखला अपनी दुर्गम भौगोलिक संरचना और घने जंगलों के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। ‘सात पर्वत‘ के नाम से प्रसिद्ध सतपुड़ा में विभिन्न जनजातियाँ निवास करती हैं। यहाँ भील, पावरा, कोकानी, मावाची, गावित, नायकड़ा, राठवा, नहाल, बरेला, तड़वी, ढांका, पारधी, ठाकुर और पटेल जैसी जनजातियाँ वास करती हैं। इन जनजातियों की विभिन्न उप-जातियाँ भी यहाँ बड़ी संख्या में निवास करती हैं। सतपुड़ा पर्वत की उत्तरी सीमा पर महाराष्ट्र के साथ-साथ मध्य प्रदेश के जंगलों में यह जनजातियाँ बसी हुई हैं। ‘सतपुड़ा‘ नाम का अर्थ है ‘सात पर्वत‘ और यह पर्वत श्रृंखला घने जंगलों से घिरी हुई है, जहाँ भील जनजाति का वास है, जो यहाँ की सबसे बड़ी जनजाति मानी जाती है। सतपुड़ा पर्वत श्रृंखला के भीतर दो प्रमुख पश्चिमी नदियाँ, तापी और नर्मदा बहती हैं। यह क्षेत्र न केवल एक प्राकृतिक विभाजन है, बल्कि यहाँ की जनजातियाँ अपने सांस्कृतिक रीति-रिवाजों, पारंपरिक कारीगरी, और सामाजिक संरचनाओं के लिए भी प्रसिद्ध हैं। इनमें काठी संस्था और जागीरदारों की व्यवस्था भी शामिल है, जो समुदायों के बीच शक्ति और नियंत्रण का प्रतीक रही है। इन जनजातियों का जीवन परंपराओं में रचा-बसा है, जैसे कि पत्थर के उत्पादों का निर्माण, लंगोट पहनना और सांस्कृतिक अनुष्ठानों में भाग लेना। इन जनजातियों ने ऐतिहासिक रूप से किलों के ‘वातायनों‘ पर प्रहरी की भूमिका निभाई है, जो इस क्षेत्र की सुरक्षा और प्रशासन में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते थे। सतपुड़ा के जंगलों में बहने वाली नदियाँ जैसे तापी और नर्मदा इन जनजातियों के जीवन का अभिन्न हिस्सा हैं। इन नदियों और जंगलों के कारण यहाँ की मिट्टी उर्वरा है और यहाँ के जनजातीय समुदायों को जीवन यापन के लिए आवश्यक संसाधन मिलते हैं। सतपुड़ा की जैविक विविधता और सांस्कृतिक धरोहर इसे न केवल एक प्राकृतिक धरोहर बनाती है बल्कि पर्यटन के लिए भी एक आकर्षण का केंद्र बनाती है। यहाँ की जनजातियाँ अपनी पारंपरिक जीवनशैली और सांस्कृतिक विरासत को संरक्षित रखे हुए हैं, जो पर्यटकों को एक अनोखा अनुभव प्रदान करती हैं। सतपुड़ा पर्वत श्रृंखला का संरक्षण और इसके निवासियों का संरक्षण भविष्य पीढ़ियों के लिए महत्त्वपूर्ण है।
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