GEOMETRIC PATTERNS IN MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE: UNDER A QUANTITATIVE LENS

Abstract [English]

Geometric designs, a prominent characteristic of Islamic art, were modified to surpass limitations on portraying human or animal subjects, thereby functioning as a universally applicable means of creative representation. The study aims to examine the geometric patterns found in Mughal architecture, with a specific emphasis on their dual function as both decorative and symbolic components. The study analyses two notable architectural projects, Humayun's Tomb and the Tomb of Itmad-Ud-Daulah, emphasising the Mughals' sophisticated use of geometry, which demonstrates their mathematical expertise, cultural values, and scientific accomplishments. This study utilises a quantitative methodology to examine the patterns, assess the degrees of pattern formation, the recognition of fundamental forms and their variations, and the ratios of solid contents to voids in Jalis.
The results demonstrate that Mughal architecture is characterised by its intricate geometric patterns, which are carefully implemented on many architectural components, such as floors, walls, and screens. These patterns serve to not only improve the visual attractiveness but also represent the intellectual and spiritual principles of the Mughal Empire, showcasing a seamless integration of creative ingenuity and mathematical precision. Through an analysis of the conversion of basic shapes into complex patterns, this work offers fresh perspectives on the technical basis of Mughal architectural traditions. The present study enhances our comprehension of Mughal architecture by presenting it as a profound manifestation of creative and scientific brilliance during a historically momentous period in India.