CULTURE AND FOOD OF UTTAR PRADESH: A HISTORICAL STUDY

उत्तर प्रदेश की संस्कृति और भोजन : एक ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन

Authors

  • Abhishek Gaur Research Scholar, Department of History, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow
  • Aarti Gupta Research Director, Department of History, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.2008

Abstract [English]

Food habits are generally dependent on two major factors, namely availability and accessibility. Food habits never change suddenly. Noticing the changes in food habits of any place is a long-term process. Hence, the main objective of this study is to assess the impact of partition of the country and its struggle to achieve food sufficiency as well as its effect on hunger and the diversity of food habits in different districts of Uttar Pradesh along with some of their unique food habits. The methodology of this study is historical and qualitative. This research relies on secondary sources, such as government annual reports and gazetteers. The study reveals that the transfer of power in the medieval period greatly affected food. Muslim influence came to India during the Sultanate period and soon they adopted some of the specialties of the local cuisine and invented their own distinctive fusion dishes. Mughlai cuisine was also born in a similar way but it was very rich and since the reign of Mughal rulers was very long they got enough time to pay attention to cultural and culinary development. The arrival of Europeans brought various global ingredients and cooking methods, dishes and cutlery to India. They used it not for the betterment of the society but for their commercial gains and flaunted western superiority. But the colonizers saved themselves by getting influenced by the Indian culture, food and ingredients which led to the birth of a new community i.e. Anglo Indian community and some distinctive dishes like curries, stews, desi chicken etc. The country faced severe food crisis.

Abstract [Hindi]

भोजन की आदतें आम तौर पर दो प्रमुख कारकों पर निर्भर होती हैं, अर्थात् उपलब्धता और पहुंच। खान-पान की आदतें कभी अचानक नहीं बदलतीं। किसी भी स्थान की खान-पान की आदतों में बदलाव को नोटिस करना एक दीर्घकालिक प्रक्रिया है। अतः इस अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य देश के बंटवारे और खाद्य पर्याप्तता हासिल करने के लिए उसके संघर्ष के प्रभाव के साथ-साथ भूख पर प्रभाव और उत्तर प्रदेश के विभिन्न जिलों में भोजन की आदतों की विविधता के साथ-साथ उनके कुछ अनूठे खान-पान का आकलन करना है। इस अध्ययन की पद्धति ऐतिहासिक और गुणात्मक है। यह शोध द्वितीयक स्रोत पर निर्भर है, जैसे सरकारी वार्षिक रिपोर्ट और गजेटियर। अध्ययन से पता चलता है कि मध्यकाल में सत्ता के हस्तांतरण ने भोजन को बहुत प्रभावित किया। सल्तनत काल में मुस्लिम प्रभाव भारत में आया और जल्द ही उन्होंने स्थानीय व्यंजनों की कुछ विशिष्टताओं को अपनाया और अपने विशिष्ट संलयन व्यंजनों का आविष्कार किया। मुगलई व्यंजन का जन्म भी इसी तरह हुआ था लेकिन यह बहुत समृद्ध था और चूंकि मुगल शासकों का शासनकाल बहुत लंबा था इसलिए उन्हें सांस्कृतिक और पकवान विकास की ओर ध्यान देने के लिए पर्याप्त समय मिला। यूरोपीय लोगों के आने से भारत में विभिन्न वैश्विक सामग्रियां और खाना पकाने के तरीके, व्यंजन और कटलरी आए। उन्होंने इसका उपयोग समाज की भलाई के लिए नहीं बल्कि अपने व्यावसायिक लाभ के लिए किया और पश्चिमी श्रेष्ठता का दिखावा किया। लेकिन उपनिवेशवादियों ने भारतीय संस्कृति, भोजन और सामग्री से प्रभावित होकर खुद को बचा लिया, जिससे एक नए समुदाय यानी एंग्लो इंडियन समुदाय और कुछ विशिष्ट व्यंजनों जैसे करी, स्टू, देशी चिकन आदि का जन्म हुआ। देश को गंभीर खाद्य संकट का सामना करना पड़ा।

References

Sen. Colleen Taylor, Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India, New Delhi, 2016, p. 32.

Rigveda, Vedanta Mandala, Pt. Hymn 58.

Sen. Colleen Taylor, Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India, News Delhi, 2016, p. 37.

Prakash, Om, Economy and Food in Ancient India, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 103.4.

Acharya Kent, A Historical Dictionary of Food, New Delhi, 1998, p. 136.

Prakash, Om, Economy and Food in Ancient India, New Delhi, 1987, 103.4.

Romila Thapar, Reunions: Making of a Counter Culture, New Delhi, 1978, p. 56.93.

Colleen Taylor Feast and Feast: A History of Food in India, New Delhi, 2016, pp. 80-81.

A. Kent, A Historical Dictionary of Food, New Delhi, 1998, p. 136.

Sen, Colleen Taylor, Feast and Fast: A History of Food in India, 2016, p. 23.

Page 22 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956474810403042

Appadurai Arjun, “How to Make a National Kitchen”, Cookbooks in Contemporary India, Comparative Studies in Sociology and History, 1988, pp. 3.24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500015024

Someshwar, edited by J.K. Shrigondekar, “Mansol”, Vol. II (1.4v), Bombay, 1939, pp. 12.13.

Someshwar, Edited by G.K. Shrigondekar, 'Mansol' Vol. II (1.4v), Bombay, 1939, pp. 45-52.

Ch. Kent, A Historical Dictionary of Food, New Delhi, 1998, p. 180.

Ch. Kent, A Historical Dictionary of Food, New Delhi, 1998, 180-183.

Christopher P.H. Murphy, 'Pet and Honour: The Meaning of Muslim Feast in Old Delhi', in Food, Society and Culture: Aspects in South Indian Food Systems. Edited by R.S. Khare and M.S.A. Rao Durham 1986a, pp. 85.119.

Christopher P.H. Murphy, 'Pet and Honour: The Meaning of Muslim Feast in Old 'Delhi' in Food, Society and Culture: Aspects in the Southern Food System. Edited by R.S. Khare and M.S.A. Rao Durham 1986a, pp. 85.119.

Sen. Colleen Tyler, Feast and Fast: A History of Food in India (2015), New Delhi, p. 155.

https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/16266100.sumayya-usmani-history-shamikebab/#:~: text=The%20story%20goes%20that%20these,rise%20to%20the%20s ami%20kebab accessed on 28/11/20 at 9:25 PM

Alam Muzaffar and Subrahmanyam Sanjay, “Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400-1800”. Cambridge, 2007, p 75.

Sahu Kishori Prasad, “Some Aspects of Indian Social Life”, New Delhi, 1973, p 63.

Sagar, Asp. “Intoxicants in Mughal India”, Indian Journal of History of Science, pp 2 (November, 1981), pp. 202.14

Abul-Fazl ibn Mubarak Allami, “The Ain-e-Akbari”, trans. H. Blochmann (1873), New Delhi 1989.

Hoyland, Jens, trans. The Commentary of Father Montserrat, S.J.A. on His Journey to the Court of Akbar, London (1922). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/593366

A. Kent, A Historical Dictionary of Food, New Delhi, 1998, p. 224.

A. Kent, A Historical Dictionary of Food, New Delhi, p. 62.

Sen. Colleen Taylor, Feast and Fast: A History of Food in India, New Delhi (2015), p. 186.

Tuzzuk. A. Jahangiri R. Jahangir R. Memories of Jahangir, trans. Alexander Rodgers, ed. Henry Beveridge (London 1900), p. 419a.

Tuzzuk. A. Jahangiri R. Memories of Jahangir, trans. Alexander Rogers, ed. Henry Beveridge (London 1900), p. 419a.

Bhatnagar Sangeeta & Saxena A.R., “Dastarkhwan. E. Avadhiru The Casino of Avadhi” (2015), Noida, pp. 63.71.

Bhatnagar Sangeeta & Saxena Ranken, Dastarkhwan.A. Avadhru The Cinema of Awadh (2015), Noida pp. 63.71 Bhatnagar Sangeeta & Saxena Ranken, Dastarkhwan.A. Avadhru The Cinema of Avadh (2015), Noida pp. 63

Downloads

Published

2024-01-31

How to Cite

Gaur, A., & Gupta, A. (2024). CULTURE AND FOOD OF UTTAR PRADESH: A HISTORICAL STUDY. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 5(1), 675–689. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.2008