Life Satisfaction of Pregnant Women in the Context of Involvement in Tapovan Centre of Children’s University

 

Dr. A. N. Prajapati ¹, Vrunda K. Thaker ²

 

¹ Associate Professor, Children’s University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

² Ph.D. Scholar, Children’s University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

 

1. INTRODUCTION

Pregnancy is a very important phase of every woman’s life. During this time, there are a lot of changes in the physical, mental, social, psychological, and other aspects of pregnant women. At that time, every woman needs love, support, care, happiness, mental health, and all other aspects. But for many women, this is a time of confusion, fear, sadness, anxiety, stress, and depression.

It is very important to take care of her life satisfaction. Therefore, the role of the Tapovan Centre of Children's University has been very important in ensuring life satisfaction for pregnant women. For this, the present study has been conducted.

Life satisfaction is the Degree to which a person positively evaluates the overall quality of his/her life as a whole (Ruut & veenhoven 1996).

There are mainly two types of theories about life satisfaction are there:

1)    Bottom-up theories: life satisfaction as a result of overall satisfaction in the many Domains of life. This theory holds that the individual experience the satisfaction in Many areas or domains of life, like relationships, family, friends, work, personal Development, and health and fitness as well. Hence satisfaction with one's lives in these aspects combines to create overall life satisfaction.

2)    Top down theories: life satisfaction as an influencer of domain-specific satisfaction (Heady, Veenhoven, & Wearing, 1991). This theory says that overall life satisfaction Determines individual’s life satisfaction in the many different domains. (2020, Thomas).

 

2. Review of related literature

Prajapati and Pushpa (2017) found that there is a significant effect of anxiety on Tapovan Research Centre involvement and education of pregnant women whenever pregnant women are involved in the Tapovan Research Centre.

Prajapati and Thaker (2019) studied the impact of prayer and Grabhdhyan on the anxiety of pregnant women and found that a significant difference was found whenever pregnant women were involved in prayer and Garbhdhyan.

Prajapati and Patel (2019) studied that there is a significant effect of happiness on pregnant women's involvement in the Tapovan Research Centre and spouse education of pregnant women whenever pregnant women are involved in the Tapovan Research Centre.

Medhi & Sobhana (2020) found that satisfaction of life was found to be good among most of the rural pregnant women.

Sadiq & Rani (2020) found that anger and hostility significantly predicted life satisfaction among married women.

 

3. Objectives of this study

1)     To study the main effect of involvement on life satisfaction among involved and not involved pregnant women in Tapovan center.

2)     To study the main effect of area on life satisfaction among urban and rural area pregnant women.

3)     To study the interaction effect of involvement and area on life satisfaction among pregnant women.

 

3.1. Hypothesis of this study

1)     There will be no significant main effect of involvement on life satisfaction among involved and not involved pregnant women in Tapovan center.

2)     There will be no significant main effect of area on life satisfaction among urban and rural area pregnant women.

3)     There will be no significant interaction effect of involvement and area on life satisfaction among pregnant women.

 

3.2. Variables of this study

The following variables were treated as independent and dependent variable:

Table 1    

No	Type of variable	Name of variable	Level of variable	Name of level of variable
1	Independent	Involvement	2	1.       Involved 2.       Not Involved
2	Independent	Area	2	1.       Urban Area 2.          Rural Area
3	Dependent	Life Satisfaction	1	Life Satisfaction

 

4. Research Design

In Present study to examine the main as well as interaction effect of involvement and area. 2x2 factorial design were used for collecting the data.

Table 2

Variables ® ¯	Involvement (A)
Area (B)	Involved (A1)	Not involved (A2)	Total
Urban (B1)	90	90	180
Rural (B2)	90	90	180
Total	180	180	360

 

5. Research Population and Sample

The sample of the research was included of 360 pregnant women. A Probability Purposive Sampling Technique was used for selecting 360 involved and not involved pregnant women in Tapovan center through Google forms and physical as per the requirement of research design of this study. The sub groups of the sample were distributed as shown in research design of the study.

Tools: Following standardized tools was used for collecting the data.

·        Personal Date Sheet

A personal data sheet developed by investigator was used to collect information about Age, Area, gender, education, number of family member, types of family, Type of Quarantine, etc.

·        Life Satisfaction

This tool was developed by Promila Singh & George Joseph and Gujarati version of scale was developed and standardization by A. N. Prajapati and V. K. Thaker. In Present study Gujarati version of tool was used for collecting data. It contains 35 items. It’s published by National psychological corporation, Agra. Life satisfaction scale has area such as 1) Taking pleasure in everyday activates, 2) considering life meaningful, 3) holding a positive self-image, 4) having a happy and optimistic outlook, 5) feeling success in achieving goals. The reliability of the scale was calculated on the basis of split-half method. This was found to be 0.93. The validity of the presented scale has been discovered by experts at a high level.

·        Statistic Tool

The obtained data from 360 pregnant women have been analyzed with adequate statistical techniques of Analysis of variance (ANOVA).

 

 

 

 

6. Result and Discussion

Table 3

Variables	Sum of Square	df	Mean sum of Square	F	Sig. Level
Involvement (A)	3559.511	1	3559.511	11.84	0.01
Area (B)	0.178	1	0.178	0.00	NS*
Involvement & Area	27.778	1	27.778	0.09	NS*
(A x B)
SSW	107029.022	356	300.64
SST	110616.489	359
Sig. level: 0.05 = 3.86 0.01 = 6.70 * Not Significant

 

It could be seen from the Table No. 03 that the one main variable i.e., involvement in Tapovan center of pregnant women (F=11.84) are significantly influencing the Life Satisfaction, while area variable is not found to be significant (F=0.00) and the involvement & area are not found to be significant. (0.09).

Main Effects:

Ho1 There will be no significant main effect of involvement on life  Satisfaction among involved and not involved pregnant women in Tapovan center

Table 4

Variables	N	M	F	Sig.
Involved (A1)	180	144.79	11.84	0.01
Not Involved (A2)	180	138.50
Sig. level: 0.05 = 3.86 0.01= 6.70 * Not Significant
Grand Mean – 146.79

 

Graph 1

Graph  1Showing Pie Chart of Mean Scores on Life Satisfaction with Regarding to Involved and not Involved in Tapovan Center of Pregnant Women

 

It is observed that the mean scores in Table No. 04 and Graph No. 01 reveal that pregnant women involved in Tapovan centres acquire a higher score (M = 144.79) than pregnant women not involved in Tapovan centers (M = 138.50) on life satisfaction. For testing hypothesis, an f test has been calculated. The f value is 11.84, which is significant. It proves that null hypothesis no. 1 is not accepted.

Ho2 There will be no significant main effect of area on life satisfaction Among urban and rural pregnant women.

Table 5

Variables	N	M	F	Sig.
Urban (B1)	180	141.62	0.00	NS*
Rural (B2)	180	141.67
Sig. level: 0.05 = 3.86  0.01= 6.70 * Not Significant
Grand Mean – 146.79

 

Graph 2

Graph  2 Showing a Pie Chart of Mean Scores on Life Satisfaction with Regard to Area

 

It’s observed that the mean scores in Table No.05 and Graph No. 02 reveled that rural pregnant women acquire slightly more score (M=144.67) than the urban pregnant women (M=144.62) on Life Satisfaction. For testing hypothesis f test has been calculated. The f value is 0.00 which is not significant. It proves that null hypothesis no. 2 is not rejected.

Interaction Effect:

Ho₃   There will be no significant interaction effect of involvement and Area on life satisfaction among pregnant women.

Table 6

Gender	Corona Effected People
	Involved	Not Involved	‘F’	Sig.
Urban	144.49	138.76	0.09	NS*
Rural	145.09	138.24
Sig. level: 0.05 = 3.86, 0.01 = 6.70 * Not Significant

 

Graph 3

 

Graph  3 Showing a Pie Chart of Mean Scores on Life Satisfaction with Regard to Involvement and Area

 

It is evident form Table No. 06 and Graph No. 03 that F value (F=0.09) is non-significant which suggesting that the obtained differences among involvement and area interaction subgroup are not significant. To sum up, among the A x B interacting groups, the group with slightly high life satisfaction is involved in Tapovan centres for rural pregnant women (M = 155.63), and the slightly lower group is not involved in Tapovan centres for rural pregnant women (M = 138.23). Result reveals that the mean scores of two groups as regards involvement and area are not differ on Life Satisfaction (F= 0.09); therefore, null hypothesis No.3 is not rejected.

 

7. Conclusion

1)     The difference between the life satisfaction of pregnant women with respect to Tapovan Centre involvement was found to be significant (F = 11.84). Therefore, the pre formed hypothesis (There will be no significant main effect of involvement on life satisfaction among involved and not involved pregnant women in Tapovan center.) is not accepted. 

2)     No significant difference was found between urban and rural pregnant women’s Life Satisfaction. So that it was concluded that area has no impact on Life Satisfaction in this research. Therefore, the pre formed hypothesis (There will be no significant main effect of area on life satisfaction among urban and rural pregnant women) is not rejected.

3)     No significant difference was found between involvement and area of pregnant women’s Life Satisfaction. So that it was concluded that involvement and area has no impact on people’s Life Satisfaction in this research. Therefore, pre formed hypothesis (There will be no significant interaction effect of involvement and area on life satisfaction among pregnant women) is not rejected.

 

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

None. 

 

 

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

None.

 

REFERENCES

Heady, B., Veenhoven, R. & Wearing, A. (1991). Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Theories of Subjective Well-Being, Social Indicators Research, vol. 24. pp. 81-100.

Medhi, M. & Sobhana, H. (2020). Coping and life satisfaction among rural Pregnant Women: a Study from North East India. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2), 428-434.

Prajapati, A. N. & Raval, P. V. (2017). Anxiety of Pregnant woman in Relation to Education and Involvement in Tapovan Research Center of Children’s University, International Journal of Indian Psychology, v - 4(3).

Thomas R. & Malagi V.A (2020). Happiness, life satisfaction and self - efficacy among entrepreneurs and professionals. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(3).

Veenhoven, R. (1996). Cross-national differences in satisfaction’ in W. Saris and R. Veenhoven (eds.), ‘Life-satisfaction in Europe’ in preparation, ch. 13.

Prajapati,A.N. & Thaker, V.K. (2019).The Effect of Garbhadhyan and Garbhasamvad on Anxiety of Pregnant women. Research Proceeding, unpublished research paper, children’s University, Gandhinagar.

Prajapati, A.N. & Patel, T.P. (2019). The study of Involvement o in Tapovan Centre and education of her Spouse on Happiness of Pregnant Women. Research Proceeding, unpublished research paper, Children’s University, Gandhinagar.